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Corrupt Bargain
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Jackson Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Election of 1824 | no electoral college winner -> House of rep had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay (and Crawford). corrupt bargain -> adams even though jackson popular majority |
| Corrupt Bargain | claim from the supporters of Andrew Jackson that Adams and Clay made deal to ensure that Adams was elected President by the House of Representatives in 1824, made clay sec of state (gateway to prez), Quid Pro Quo |
| Election of 1828 | Jackson wins, 7th President (belief that the "common" man- should be able to participate in his government |
| Jacksonian Democracy | The idea of spreading political power to the people and ensuring majority rule as well as supporting the "common man" |
| Extension of franchise | voting credentials broaden from certain white male land owners -> majority of white males, regardless of land ownership |
| Spoils System | Key to Jacksonian Democracy. Jackson distributed federal jobs to his supporters. People who used to be in office left or were kicked out. "Reward supporters, because common man can do any job." |
| National Republicans | oppose Andrew Jackson, supported Adams; basis for the Whig Party, promoted national unity, good of federal government > separate states |
| Caucus System | nomination system in which the members of the party who are serving in Congress choose the party's candidate. |
| National Nominating Conventions | developed after the chaotic election of 1824 as a more "organized" way of deciding the party nominees for President; still used today |
| Kitchen cabinet | Jackson's unofficial advisors consisting of newspaper editors and Democratic leaders that met to discuss current issues. used them more than his official Cabinet. |
| Peggy Eaton affair | Scandal that involved Jackson's Secretary of War Eaton and his wife, Peggy. Jackson supported Peggy while she was the source of malicious gossip,c cabinet members resigned as a consequence of this. -Jackson began valuing van buren > calhoun |
| Whigs | group in the Senate where Clay, Webster and Calhoun joined forces in 1834 to pass a motion censuring Jackson for his removal of federal deposits from the US bank. attract other groups alienated by Jackson. progressive. |
| Maysville Road Veto | clay proposed that the federal government build a road entirely in KY, Jackson vetoed it saying that only in one state -> KY responsibility to pay for. jackson hated clay for corrupt bargain so precedent for use of presidential power in political affairs |
| Election of 1832 | Election between Democrat Jackson and Whig Clay. Jackson was an idol of the masses and wins. This election was the first to involve effective national conventions -> Anti-Masonic Party. |
| John C. Calhoun | Jackson's once VP who supported SC/south during the Nullification crisis. |
| Tariff of Abominations | 1828 high tariff on imports that benefited the industrial North while forcing South to pay higher prices on manufactured goods -> Nullification crisis. |
| Nullification | in "Exposition and Protest" Calhoun argued that if Congress violated the Constitution, state could nullify the law//Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void, Jackson responded with Force bill and suggested compromising over tariff |
| Daniel Webster | representative of the North; nationalist (Whig) senator from MA who was one of the most eloquent speakers in Congress; greatly opposed Jackson and his "liberal" policies |
| Webster-Hayne Debate | U.S. Senate debate of January 1830 between Daniel Webster of MA and Robert Hayne of SC over nullification and state rights, over compact theory - govt is a creation of the states. |
| SC Exposition and Protest | pamphlet published by the SC legislature, written by Calhoun, against the "Tariff of Abominations", proposed nullification . Calhoun wished nullification could prevent secession, & address issues of sectionalist south -> sectionalism led to Civil War. |
| Jefferson Day dinner 1830 | President expressed his sentiments with this toast: "Our Union: It must be preserved." Calhoun responded to Jackson's challenge and offered the next toast: "The Union, next to our liberty, most dear; pronounce jcksn position on nullification |
| Compromise Tariff of 1833 | Proposed Clay and Calhoun as a resolution to the Nullification Crisis. It was adopted to gradually reduce the rates after south objected to the protectionism found in the Tariff of 1832/28(abominations) |
| Force Bill | the "Bloody Bill" that authorized the president to use the military (any force necessary) to collect/collect federal tariff after SC refused to collect |
| Martin Van Buren | "founder of the Democratic Party," Friend of Jackson. 8th prez (1836). In the Panic of 1837, he put $37 million to the states but it didn't help. He spent his 4 years with bank failures, bankruptcies and massive unemployment. |
| Henry Clay | John Quincy Adams supposedly offered him the Secretary of State job for his support in the election of 1824. Pushed for a bill to recharter the national bank early. Lost to Jackson in 1832 in run for presidency. |
| Nicholas Biddle | President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it. Called in loans in an attempt to save the bank which helped cause the crash of the real estate market. |
| Second Bank of the U.S | Jackson thought Bank favored the elite & undemocratic because limited the common people's access to loans. bank was voted to be rechartered (clay & webster push), but Jackson vetoed it. -Became an issue in the election of 1832, which Jackson still won. |
| Bank Recharter Bill | would have extended the life of the bank of the United States passed in 1836 when its charter expired. Jackson vetoed the bill |
| Veto Message | In this, Jackson argued that the Bank of the US' charter should not be renewed and presented his arguments against the bank. |
| Pet Banks | A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the 2nd US bank; practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836. |
| Roger B. Taney | 5th Chief Justice & presided over the Dred Scott case & ruled the 5th amendment, saying the govn't can't take private propt; Secretary of Treasury; ordered v.Jackson to stop putting govt money in Bank; court case ruled African Amer =/= US citizens. |
| Specie Circular | Jackon's order that required payment in gold/silver in order to buy land since gold/silver actually had value. This signified the growing economic problems which would result in the panic of 1837. |
| Charles River Bridge Co. v. Warren Bridge Co. - 1837 | Charles River Bridge Company protested when the Warren Bridge Company authorized in 1828 to build free bridge where they had toll bridge . SC ruled CRC not granted a monopoly right; charter granted by state 2 a company cannot work to disadvantage public. |
| Panic of 1837 | Jackson Presidency--state banks received government money withdrawn from U.S bank; financed wild speculation, esp in federal lands; Biddle also called in loans for the National Bank--real estate crash; Specie Circular worsened. state banks collapse. |
| Indian Removal Act of 1830 | Removed indians from southern states and put them on Midwest reservataion; authorized Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi;reluctant & forced emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to West. |
| Black Hawk War | group of Sauk and Fox braves resisted the forced eviction of their lands under the Indian Removal Act; they were bloodily crushed in 1832 by regular troops aided by volunteers., Chief Black Hawk of Sauk tribe, led rebellion against US. |
| Worcester v. Georgia | Supreme Court case in which it was decided that Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it (let Marshall enforce it) |
| Trail of Tears | forced journey of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to a region west of the Mississippi during which thousands of Cherokees died |
| Log Cabin Campaign of 1840 | A strategy used by the Whig party in election of 1840 to make Harrison look like the common man who drinks cider and lives in a log cabin . The Whigs had no platform so technique was used to gain support for Harrison. “Tippecanoe and Tyler too" slogan |
| Webster-Ashburton Treaty 1842 | 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies. Signed under John Tyler's presidency, it resolved the Aroostook War, a nonviolent dispute over the location of the Maine. |
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