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Cell Structure
Unit 3 Cell Structure & Function Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| compound microscope | a light microscope that uses more than one lens to magnify an object |
| dissecting microscope | light microscope used for low magnifications and larger objects |
| scanning electron microscope | an electron microscope that generates a three-dimensional image. |
| transmission electron microscope | An electron microscope used to study the internal structure of thin sections of cells |
| Prokaryote | A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Eukaryote | A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| active transport | Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| Diffusion | Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| facilitated diffusion | Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| hypotonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution |
| hypertonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution |
| isotonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution |
| hypo- | under |
| hyper- | above |
| iso- | equal |
| cell membrane | A cell structure made of phospholipids that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell. |
| Semi-permeable membrane | membrane that allows only certain things to pass through |
| Homeostasis | A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry |
| Bacteria | single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes |
| animal cell | does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole |
| plant cell | contains a cell wall |
| Organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell |
| Ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
| cell wall | A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell |
| Chloroplast | An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell |
| Cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| nuclear envelope | Double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus. |
| Nucleolus | Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes |
| Chromatin | Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones |
| Chromosomes | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. |
| Microtubules | A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella. |
| Microfilaments | a small rodlike structure |
| Vacuole | a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell |
| Golgi apparatus | A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell |
| Lysosomes | Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts |
| Cilia | Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion |
| Flagella | A long whip-like tail that helps to propel a cell through the liquid. |
| cell theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells |
| Theory | an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events -the how and why |
| law | a descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions - the "what" |
Created by:
KellyKirvin
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