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HL BIO 2.8 Cell Resp
Cell respiration supplies energy for the functions of life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is cell respiration? | controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP |
| what is ATP used for in cell respiration? | a source of energy in the cell |
| what does anaerobic cell respiration give? | a small yield of ATP from glucose |
| what does aerobic cell respiration require? | oxygen |
| what does aerobic cell respiration give from glucose? | a large yield of ATP |
| what is the main organic compound used in cell respiration? | carbohydrates (glucose) |
| what are the 2 main types of cell respiration? | anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration |
| what is anaerobic respiration? | partial breakdown of glucose, @ cytosol, small amount of ATP |
| what is aerobic respiration? | utilizes oxygen to break down glucose @ mitochondria. LARGER amount of ATP!! |
| what is the cell respiration equation? include chemical formula of each | glucose (C6H12O6) + oxygen (6O2) -> carbon dioxide (6CO2) + water (6H2O) + energy (ATP) |
| what does ATP stand for? | adenosine triphosphate |
| when ATP is hydrolysed, what does it form? and to do what? | ADP + Pi. the energy is stored and phosphate bond is released to be used by the cell |
| one molecule contains how many covalently linked phosphate groups? | 3 |
| how does cell respiration use energy stored in organic molecules? | to regenerate ATP from ADP + Pi **by oxidation |
| where and how do both anaerobic and aerobic respiration pathways begin? | in the cytosol and by anaerobic breakdown in the beginning |
| what is glycolysis? | breakdown of glucose (6-C) into two molecules of pyruvates (3C) |
| name two products of glycolysis | hydrogen carriers (NADH) from oxidized precursor (NAD+) AND! small yield of ATP (net gain of 2 molecules) |
| when does anaerobic respiration happen? | in the absence of oxygen |
| what does the anaerobic respiration NOT result in the production of ? | ATP molecules |
| in animals, what is pyruvate converted to? | lactic acid or lactate |
| in plants and yeasts, what is pyruvate converted to ? | ethanol and carbon dioxide |
| what is the purpose of anaerobic respiration | restore stocks of NAD+ because it is required fot glycolysis. |
| by restoring stocks of NAD+ via anaerobic pathways, what can the organism continue doing? | they can continue to produce ATP by glycolysis |
| are conversions of pyruvate reversible? | yes; for plants, animals, and yeasts |
| what happens when someone stops exercising? | oxygen levels increase. lactate converts to pyruvate |
| when exercising at high intensity, what does your body begin breaking down? and why? | break down glucose anaerobically to maximize ATP production |
| through aerobic respiration, what is pyruvate broken down into? | carbon dioxide and water |
| how much ATP is produced from pyruvate? | around 34-36 molecules |
| what stages does aerobic consists of? | glycolysis, link reaction, citric acid cycle (Krebs Cycle), and electron transport chain |
| in yeasts, what does fermentation yield? | ethanol and carbon dioxide |
| what are 2 examples of food processing that utilize yeast? | bread and alcohol |
| describe the process of yeast fermentation in bread | carbon dioxide causes leavening and the ethanol evaporates during baking |
| describe the process of yeast fermentation in alcohol | ethanol intoxicates alcohol in about 14% concentration. this concentration damages the yeast |
| what 2 milk products undergo fermentation? | yogurt and cheese |
| name 3 saccharomyces (foods) and list their products used | beer (ethanol + CO2), wine (ethanol), bread (CO2) |
| what is a respirometer? | a device that determines an organism's respiration rate by measuring the rate of exchange of O2 and CO2 |
| name 5 factors that affect respiration rates | temperatures, hydration, light (plants), age, and activity levels |
| 2 reasons why carbohydrates (glucose) are preferable as an energy source for Cell respiration | 1) easier to transport and digest (like lipids) 2) not produce nitrogenous wastes (like proteins) |
| carbohydrates can be broken down into _____ which can be used in glycolysis | monosaccharides |
| lipids can be broken down into ____ and _____ which are able to be used in aerobic respiration | glycerol and fatty acids |
| proteins can be broken down into ______ which can be used in aerobic respiration | amino acids |
| what is ATP? | energy currency of the cell + used to power cellular reactions |
| name 6 biochemical processes the use ATP (think BANG ME) | biosynthesis of macromolecules, active transport, nerve transmission, growth and repair, movement, emission of light |
| name 3 differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration | energy yield, products formed, location of processes |
| what respiration process has a complete combustion? | aerobic |
| what respiration process only has glucose as a reactant? | anaerobic |
| compare energy yield of respiration processes (think numbers) | anaerobic: low 2 ATP. aerobic: high (36-38 ATP) |
| what products do anaerobic respiration yield? | lactic acid in animals, ethanol + CO2 in yeast |
| what products do aerobic respiration yield? | CO2 and H2O |
| what process has cytoplasm and mitochondrion as a location? | aerobic |
| what 2 stages does anaerobic respiration have? | glycolysis and fermentation |
Created by:
kbalaja592
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