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BIO 155 EX1
Biology 155 Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carbon is | the framework of all macromolecules |
| Nucleic Acids are | information molecules |
| Functional groups | hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, & methyl |
| Monomers | single units |
| Covalent Bonds | binders |
| Polymers | larger structure - whole image |
| DNA | stores genetic information |
| RNA | making of proteins (synthesis) |
| hydrocarbons | molecules consisting of only hydrogen & carbon |
| Monomer of nucleic acids | nucleotides (ATCG,U) |
| Parts of nucleotides | Phosphate group, Sugar, Nitrogenous Base |
| Covalent Bonds of nucleic acids | phosphodiester bonds |
| Polymers of Nucleic Acids | DNA & RNA |
| Name of sugar in DNA | Deoxyribose (w/o oxygen) |
| Name of sugar in RNA | Ribose |
| Purines | 2 ring structures (A+G) |
| Pyrimidines | one ring |
| Proteins do | the work & rule the world |
| Functions of Proteins | enzymes, defense, transport, storage, support, motion, & regulation |
| Monomer of Proteins | Amino acids |
| Amino acid parts | Central Carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, & 'R' group |
| Covalent Bond of Proteins | Peptide Bond |
| Polymer of Proteins | Polypeptide |
| Levels of Protein Structures | Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, & Quaternary |
| Primary PS | Polypeptide - single |
| Secondary PS | Initial folding |
| Tertiary PS | final folding |
| Quaternary | final arrangement |
| Hemoglobin in proteins not folded properly lead to | sickle cell anemia |
| DNA is made up of | Nucleotides |
| Chargaff found | ratios of A-T & G-C vary among species |
| Franklin found | DNA is a helix, diameter was constant, sugar & phosphates on the outside |
| Watson & Crick... | based their assumptions on Franklin & Chargaff & created the DNA model; polarity |
| Antiparallel & Polarity | each DNA strand has polarity of 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' & oppose each other when there are 2 strands |
| Mitosis | Cell division used to replicate cells DNA |
| Replication is... | semiconservative |
| Semiconservative Replication | Every new DNA replication made has one strand of old DNA (parent strands) |
| What is needed for replication | Template (parental DNA), Building Blocks (Nucleotides; ATCG), Copier/Builder (DNA polymerase) |
| Prokaryotic Cells | no nucleus but has DNA |
| DNA replication enzymes (Unwinding/separation) | Helicase; Single Strand binding, DNA Gyrase |
| DNA replication enzymes (Synthesis/Copying) | DNA primase, DNA polymerase III & I, & DNA ligase |
| Helicase | unwinds & separates the 2 strands; also breaks hydrogen bonds |
Created by:
gsheffer
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