Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio1081 Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through | gap junctions |
| Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are | nonpolar substances that repel water molecules |
| The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells? | smooth ER |
| Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are | nonpolar covalent bonds |
| Starch and cellulose | are polymers of glucose |
| Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water? | covalent bonds between carbon atoms |
| A covalent chemical bond is one in which | outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals |
| A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a | monosaccharide |
| Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? | vacuole |
| Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? | as a disaccharide |
| Knowing the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following? | the number of protons plus neutrons in the element |
| Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella? | tubulin |
| You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved? | primary structure |
| Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions? | They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them. |
| What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids? | the components of the R-group |
| Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? | a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar |
| If an atom has a charge of +1, which of the following must be true? | It has one more proton than it does electrons. |
| The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved | endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell -- the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria |
| If you change the number of neutrons in an atom, you create | an isotope |
| If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine? | 40 |
| All of the following can be part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT | an endoplasmic reticulum |
| In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by | polar covalent bonds |
| Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? | carboxyl and amino groups |
| The tertiary structure of a protein is the | unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide |
| Cell size is limited by | surface to volume ratios |
| Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? | It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success. |
| Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the | mitochondria |
| Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? | Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart. |
| How many electrons are involved in a single covalent bond? | two |
| How do phospholipids interact with water molecules? | The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not. |
| Steroids are considered to be lipids because they | are not soluble in water |
| What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? | ER -> Golgi -> vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane |
| Which of the following is the best explanation for why vegetable oil is a liquid at room temperature while animal fats are solid? | Vegetable oil has more double bonds than animal fats. |
| One liter of a solution of pH 2 has how many more hydrogen ions (H+) than 1 liter of a solution of pH 6? | 10,000 times more |
| Phospholipids and triglycerides both | have a glycerol backbone |
| The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called? | a hydrogen bond |
| Cilia and flagella bend because of | a motor protein called dynein |
| Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group? | carboxyl |
| Which one of the following is NOT a component of each monomer used to make proteins? | a phosphorus atom, P |
| Which of the following is NOT a polymer? | glucose |
| Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess | heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment |
| Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? | chloroplast |
| In the process of science, which of these is tested? | a hypothesis |
| In a plant cell, DNA may be found | in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts |
| Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life? | near universality of the genetic code |
| What are the products of linear electron flow? | ATP and NADPH |
| Proteorhodopsin consists of a single polypeptide chain. What is the highest level of structure found in this protein? | tertiary |
| Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy | C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. |
| In receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules initially project to the outside of the cell. Where do they end up after endocytosis? | on the inside surface of the vesicle |
| A covalent bond is likely to be polar when | one of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom |
| Water molecules are attracted to one another by | hydrogen bonds |
| A sodium-potassium pump | move three sodium ions out of a cell and two potassium ions into a cell while consuming an ATP for each cycle |
| Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's | activation energy |
| HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. In the mid-1990s, researchers discovered an enzyme in HIV called protease. Once the enzyme's structure was known, researchers began looking for drugs that would fit into the active site and block it. If this strategy for | competitive inhibition |
| Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as _____ is to _____. | exergonic; endergonic |
| Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? | Golgi apparatus |
| Early investigators thought the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants came from carbon dioxide. In fact, it comes from | water |
| In mitochondria, chemiosmosis moves protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis moves protons from the | stroma to the thylakoid space |
| You have isolated a previously unstudied protein, identified its complete structure in detail, and determined that it catalyzes the breakdown of a large substrate. You notice it has two binding sites. One of these is large, apparently the bonding site for | It is probably an enzyme that works through allosteric regulation |
| Which of the following is true when comparing an uncatalyzed reaction to the same reaction with a catalyst? | The catalyzed reaction will have the same delta G |
| Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are | 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP |
| Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water | The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. |
| During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence | glucose --> NADH --> electron transport chain --> oxygen |
| Fatty acids usually have an even number of carbons in their structures. They are catabolized by a process called beta-oxidation. The end products of the metabolic pathway are acetyl groups of acetyl CoA molecules. These acetyl groups | directly enter the citric acid cycle |
| Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in | chloroplasts |
| When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the direct result is the | creation of a proton-motive force |
| Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration? | 30-32 |
| Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? | They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2. |
| As electrons are passed through the system of electron carriers associated with photosystem II, they lose energy. What happens to this energy? | It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient |
| The membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold by | increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane |
| In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about five times the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes. What purpose must this serve? | It increases the surface for oxidative phosphorylation. |
| One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to | oxidize NADH to NAD+ |
| Which of the functional groups below acts most like an acid in water? | carboxyl |
| Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle? | 3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2 |
| If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, then the concentration of H+ ions | is 10 times higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix |
| When nucleotides polymerize to form a nucleic acid | a covalent bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second |
| Which of the following statements is representative of the second law of thermodynamics | Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization. |
| Which of these are NOT embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipid bilayer at all? | peripheral proteins |
| What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily | small and hydrophobic |
| Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease | mitochondria |
| Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures | components of the cytoskeleton |
| A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in | lysosomes |
| Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell | glycolysis and fermentation |
| Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs | in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle |
| Glycolysis is active when cellular energy levels are _____; the regulatory enzyme, phosphofructokinase, is _____ by ATP | low; inhibited |
| Most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released during | the citric acid cycle |
| The force driving simple diffusion is _____, while the energy source for active transport is | the concentration gradient; ATP |
| When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes | reduced |
| The active site of an enzyme is the region that | is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme |
| What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle | synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide |
Created by:
pendleem
Popular Biology sets