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Geology Review
Soils, Rocks and Plate Tectonics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metamorphic rock | type of rock formed from rock being exposed to extreme heat and pressure that changes it into another type of rock |
| Erosion | the process of wind, water, and ice transporting soil and sediment from one location to another |
| Igneous rock | type of rock formed from lava/magma that cools and hardens |
| Sedimentary rock | type of rock formed by sediments compacting and cementing. |
| Weathering | the process of wind, water, and ice breaking down rock |
| Crust | thin, top layer of the Earth. Broken up into tectonic plates |
| Two types of crust | continental crust and oceanic crust |
| Mantle | second layer of the Earth |
| Outer Core | just deeper than the mantle |
| Inner Core | deepest layer of the Earth |
| Why is the inner core a solid when it's hotter than the outer core that has melted? | The intense pressure at the inner Earth force the rock into solid form |
| Tectonic plates | large pieces of the crust and upper mantle that move by 'floating' on the mantle |
| Plate boundary | the border where tectonic plates meet, the location of many geologic features |
| Transform boundary | when plates are sliding past each other- frequent earthquakes occur here |
| Convergent boundary | when plates are moving towards each other- earthquakes, mountains, trenches and volcanoes occur here |
| Divergent boundary | when plates are moving away from each other- mid-ocean ridges and new oceanic crust are found here |
| Magma | melted rock beneath the Earth's surface |
| Lava | melted rock that has erupted above the Earth's surface |
| Mechanical weathering | breaking down rock by physical means |
| Examples of mechanical weathering | frost wedging and abrasion |
| Chemical weathering | breaking down rock by chemical reactions or dissolving |
| Examples of chemical weathering | rusting and clay formation |
| What is soil made of? | minerals, organic material, air and water |
| What are the 3 soil particles? | sand, silt, clay |
| Which is the largest of the 3 soil particles? | sand |
| Which is the smallest of the 3 soil particles? | clay |
| What is loam? | A mixture of sand, silt, and clay that forms a more ideal soil for gardening. |
| What is porosity? | the amount of space (volume) between soil particles present in a dry soil sample- Can hold water and/or air. |
| What are soil horizons? | the layers of soil that develop in an area over time as the soil forms |
| What is the O Horizon? | the layer of organic material (ex. dead leaves) at the top of a soil sample |
| What is the A Horizon? | Also known as topsoil or surface soil, this is where most soil organisms live |
| What is the B Horizon? | Also known as the subsoil, this is the deepest plant roots usually go and is where many minerals are found |
| What is the C Horizon? | The layer where the parent rock is still present and being weathered- usually large rocks and gravel here |
| What do all of the numbers add up to in a soil texture triangle? 100% This represents an entire soil sample. |
Created by:
joanne.marks
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