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kys midterm exam
who told eric he was allowed to do this kinda thing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are sounds transmitted to our eardrums? | Through a medium |
| What is the relative highness or lowness of a tone? | Pitch |
| What is the degree of loudness or softness in music? | Dynamics |
| What is the quality of a tone that distinguishes one sound from another? | Timbre |
| What is the length of a sound? | Duration |
| What determines pitch? | Frequency |
| What is a sound that has definite pitch? | Tone |
| What is pitch range? | The distance between the lowest and highest note of a melody |
| Dynamics are determined by what scientific quality of sound...? | Amplitude |
| What is it called when a single note is played louder than the tones around it? | Accent |
| Are the dynamics performed always written in the music? | No |
| What dynamic is very soft? | Pianissimo |
| What dynamic is soft? | Piano |
| What dynamic is moderately soft? | Mezzo Piano |
| What dynamic is moderately loud? | Mezzo Forte |
| What dynamic is loud? | Forte |
| What dynamic is very loud? | Fortissimo |
| What term means "gradually get louder"? | Crescendo |
| What term means "gradually get softer"? | Decrescendo |
| What are some effects of singing on lyrics? | Elevates the meaning of words, makes words easier to remember, and heightens emotional effect of words |
| From lowest to highest, what are the voice parts? | Bass, Tenor, Alto, Soprano |
| What are the 6 families of instruments in Western music? | Brass, Electronic, Keyboard, Percussion, String, and Woodwind |
| From highest to lowest, what are the 4 instruments in the orchestral string family? | Violin, Viola, Cello, Bass |
| What is used to play orchestral string instruments? | Bow |
| What characteristic do all woodwinds share? | Holes that must be opened or closed to play |
| How does the flute produce sound? | Blowing across the edge of the tone hole |
| How does the clarinet produce sound? | Vibrating a single reed |
| How does the oboe produce sound? | Vibrating a double reed |
| How does the bassoon produce sound? | Vibrating a double reed |
| How does the tenor saxophone produce sound? | Vibrating a single reed |
| How does the brass family produce sound? | Vibrating the lips |
| How does the percussion family produce sound? | Striking the instrument |
| How were brass instruments originally made? | Animal Horn |
| What is the highest brass instrument? | Trumpet |
| What is the lowest brass instrument? | Tuba |
| What are some instruments in the tuba family? | Tuba, Euphonium, Baritone, and Sousaphone |
| The timpani, xylophone, and celesta are examples of what classification of percussion instruments? | Definite Pitched |
| The snare drum, triangle, and tam-tam are examples of what classification of percussion instruments? | Indefinite Pitched |
| What stretched things were originally vibrated to play drums? | Membranes |
| How do the piano and harpsichord produce sound? | Striking or Plucking Strings |
| How does the organ produce sound? | Vibrating columns of air |
| What are the mechanisms that bring pipes into play on an organ? | Stops |
| What must happen for an instrument to be considered electronic? | They must produce or amplify sounds through electronic means |
| What is a synthesizer? | A system of electronic components that generate, modify, and control sound |
| What are some functions that instruments have served throughout history? | Accompany dancing, accompany singing, accompany dramatic performances, religious ceremonies, communication, and warding off evil spirits |
| What instruments are not members of the orchestra? | Saxophones and Euphoniums |
| What instruments are not members of the concert band? | Violins, Violas, Cellos, and Basses |
| In what city was the first band formed in 1789? | Paris |
| What is the term for the mixing of African American and French cultures that contributed to the development of Jazz? | Creole |
| What tradition contributed to the development of marching bands? | Military Tradition |
| What is the flow of music through time? | Rhythm |
| What is the regular recurring pulsation that divides music into equal units? | Beat |
| What is the organization of beats into regular groups, often with one strong beat followed by one or more weak beats? | Meter |
| What is the term for the speed of the music? | Tempo |
| What is defined as a series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole? | Melody |
| What refers to the way chords are constructed and how they follow each other? | Harmony |
| What refers to how many different layers of sound or melodies are heard at once? | Texture |
| What were the three social classes of the Middle Ages? | Peasants, Nobility, and Clergy |
| The 14th century was considered an age of...? | Disintigration |
| What was the center of musical life in the Middle Ages? | The Church |
| Who were the most important musicians in the Middle Ages? | Priests/Church Musicians |
| Why did the Catholic Church frown on the use of instruments? | Instruments had been used in Pagan Rites |
| What is Gregorian Chant? | The official music of the catholic church in the medieval period |
| What is the source of Gregorian Chant lyrics? | Sacred Latin Texts |
| What is the texture of Gregorian Chant? | Monophonic |
| What effect did the Second Vatican Council have on Catholic Church services? | Switched services to the native language of parishoners |
| Which is a stylistic quality of Gregorian Chant? | It usually moves by step |
| Why did Gregorian Chant begin to be notated? | To ensure uniformity |
| What is the term for the 8 service cycle that began before sunrise and ended after sunset? | Divine Office |
| What is the term for the highlight of the liturgical day that was meant to re-enact the last supper? | Mass |
| Church modes are similar to what? | Scales |
| In what country was Hildegard Von Bingen active? | Germany |
| What were some things that Hildegard Von Bingen was involved in? | Medicine, Music, and Theology |
| What is the term for one or more long sustained tones accompanying the melody? | Drone |
| What is secular music? | Non-religious Music |
| Why were wandering minstrels important in the Medieval Period? | They spread information |
| What is the term for the earliest form of instrumental music? | Estampie |
| Between 700 and 900, what did monks do that would revolutionize music? | They added a second melodic line |
| What is Medieval music that consists of Gregorian Chant and one or more added melodic lines? | Organum |
| What was the center of polyphonic music and the intellectual capitol of Europe in the Medieval Period? | Paris |
| The School of Notre Dame made what great contribution to music? | Rhythmic Notation |
| Who wrote the Notre Dame Mass, the piece that all later masses were based on? | Guillame de Machaut |
| What is the term for a fixed melody or a chant that is used as the basis for polyphony? | Cantus Firmus |
| What is the Intellectual movement dominant during the renaissance that focused on human life and accomplishments? | Humanism |
| During the Renaissance, artists became less concerned with what? | Religious Symbolism |
| What events weakened the Catholic Church in the Renaissance? | Protestant Reformation, Nationalism, The Western Schism, and Humanism |
| How was education viewed in the Renaissance? | As a status symbol |
| What invention helped accelerate education in the renaissance? | Printing Press |
| Music became what type of activity in the renaissance? | Leisure Activity |
| How did the Catholic Church continue to support music in the renaissance as performers shifted elsewhere for employment? | As a patron |
| What is the term for composers coming from Belgium, the Netherlands, and Northern France? | Flemish |
| Where was the center of music during the renaissance? | Italy |
| What was the most important type of music during the renaissance? | Vocal Music |
| What is the term for a musical representation of specific poetic images? | Word Painting |
| What were some major characteristics of Renaissance music? | Many triads, polyphonic, bass register, and full sound |
| What is the term for multiple melodies occurring concurrently? | Polyphonic |
| What is the term when each voice part moves in unison rhythm while sounding different pitches? | Homophonic |
| What were the two forms of sacred Renaissance music? | Mass and Motet |
| What factors were decided to have caused church music to lose its purity at the Council of Trent? | Use of secular music, instruments, theatrical singing, and polyphony |
| What did composers of renaissance secular often include in their compositions? | Nature Sounds |
| What is the term for an important secular vocal piece during the renaissance? | Madrigal |
| What all is needed to perform a Renaissance lute song? | A Singer and Lute |
| How was instrumental music viewed in the Renaissance? | Lesser than vocal music |
| Was there a standard orchestra in the renaissance? | No |
| What contribution did Giovanni Gabrielli make to music? | Written Dynamics |
| What is the beginning date of the Baroque Period? | 1600 |
| What is the ending date of the Baroque Period? | 1750 |
| What does the word "baroque" mean? | Bizarre, flamboyant, or ornamented |
| What style does the word baroque describe? | A style of the arts |
| What was the status of the aristocracy during the baroque period? | Very powerful |
| What was mood like in the Baroque period? | In Baroque music, there was typically a unity of mood |
| Melodies in the Baroque period possessed what quality? | Highly Ornamented |
| What were the two main keyboard instruments of the Baroque period? | Harpsichord and Organ |
| Most Baroque music has what texture? | Polyphonic |
| What is the term for the most common accompaniment in the Baroque Period, usually played by lower instruments such as the cello, bassoon, etc.? | Basso Continuo |
| What is the term for the numbers below the bass line that indicates chords? | Figured Bass |
| What instruments were the main section of the Baroque orchestra? | String |
| What is the term for a piece that sounds fairly complete but is part of a larger composition? | Movement |
| Why was most Baroque music composed? | To order; For specific events |
| What were some things a Baroque period music court director had to do? | Write music, discipline musicians, maintain instruments, and organize the music library |
| What was the status of church music during the Baroque period? | Lower status than court music |
| What were some things that large towns employed musicians for? | Idk I dont have the answer yet lol ill find it later |
| What were some ways a person could become a Baroque musician? | Father to son, apprenticeships, or being a choirboy |
| What is the hallmark of the Concerto Grosso? | Small group of performers alternate with a larger group of performers |
| What is the texture of a fugue? | Polyphonic |
| What is the main theme of a fugue called? | Subject |
| What is the term for a dramatic performance that is sung to an orchestral accompaniment? | Opera |
| What is a song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, usually found in an opera? | Aria |
| Where was opera created? | Italy |
| What were some common themes of a Baroque opera? | Ancient history and Greek mythology |
| What is the term for boys who were castrated in hopes that they would become opera stars? | Castrato |
| Who is credited with creating the first great opera? | Claudio Monteverdi |
| What type of position did Bach hold for most of his life? | Church Position |
| What prompted Bach to leave the only court position he held? | The prince he worked for married a woman that did not care for music |
| Was Bach considered a great musician during his lifetime? | No |
| What is the only genre of music did Bach not write for? | Opera |
| What did George Frideric Handel's father want his career to be? | Lawyer |
| Where did Handel spend most of his adult life? | England |
| What genre was Handel most known for writing? | Opera |
| What type of institution helped the Baroque style? | Religious Institutions |
| What group is credited with creating the genre of opera? | The Camerata |
| Who were the prime candidates for being turned into castrati? | Children from poor families that wanted their child to become an opera star |
| What is a rhythmic speech that typically leads to an aria? | Recitative |
| Who writes the text of an opera? | The Librettist |
| What does the opera chorus do? | Creates atmosphere, comments on action, and creates a tonal background |
| What helped to generate the appeal of opera? | Opera was a spectacle of pageantry |
| What is a large composition for choir, soloists, and an orchestra? | Oratorio |
| What is a large composition with a title meaning "piece that is sung"? | Cantata |
| What is a polyphonic composition that is based on a single main theme? | Fugue |
| What type of piece is similar to a hymn? | A Chorale |
| What is the form of the first and last movement of a concerto grosso? | Ritornello Form |
| What were the two most important voices in Baroque music? | Soprano and Bass |
| What melodic idea usually accompanies the fugue subject? | Countersubject |
| What is found at the beginning of most operas? | Overture |
| What is the section of a fugue where the subject is not presented? | Episode |
| What is the large group in a concerto grosso called? | Tutti |
| How many phases were in the Baroque period? | 3 |
| What is the theme of a fugue called? | Subject |
| What opera performer has a powerful voice that is capable of heroic expression? | Dramatic Tenor |
| What are opera actors that do not sing called? | Supernumeraries |
| What composer is credited with creating the first opera? | Jacopo Peri |
| Who gives cues in the event of a memory lapse during an opera? | Opera Prompter |
| Who was not allowed to make music during the Baroque period? | Women |
| What performer sings in a high register very rapidly? | Coloratura Soprano |
| What is the beginning date of the Classical Period? | 1750 |
| What is the ending date of the Classical Period? | 1820 |
| Did classical compositions typically only contain one mood throughout the entire piece? | No |
| What texture was most prevalent in classical music? | Homophonic |
| What rhythmic elements could be expected of a classical piece? | Unexpected pauses, syncopations, frequent changes in note length, and rhythmic variety |
| Did composers in the classical period only use melodies they created themselves? | No |
| How many phrases are usually included in a classical melody? | 2 |
| What musical effect was widely implemented by classical composers that would often cause audiences to rise form their seats? | Crescendos and Decrescendos |
| What instrument replaced the harpsichord as the main keyboard instrument? | Piano |
| What happened to the orchestra during the classical period that had not taken place previously? | The instrumentation became standardized |
| How did composers use the instruments of the orchestra differently from the Baroque period? | Used the different tone colors of the instruments |
| How did the movements of a classical piece progress? | 1st Movement: Fast 2nd Movement: Slow 3rd Movement: Dance-like 4th Movement: Fast Movement |
| Did movements within a classical piece have different forms? | Yes |
| The Classical period was a time of what, that greatly affected musicians? | Violent political and social upheaval |
| Why did the growing middle class want their children to take music lessons? | Possibility of playing for and marrying into the aristocracy |
| What city was the center of musical and artistic life during the classical period? | Vienna |
| What musical form includes an exposition, development, recapitulation, and sometimes a coda? | Sonata Form |
| What musical form is often in three and has dance-like qualities? | Minuet and Trio |
| What musical form includes a musical idea, which is then changed multiple times? | Theme and Variation |
| What musical form includes a tuneful main theme that alternates with other themes? | Rondo Form |
| What type of composition is considered the greatest contribution to orchestral music from the classical period? | The Symphony |
| What type of composition is composed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra? | The Concerto |
| What type of composition is composed for one or two instruments? | The Sonata |
| What type of composition is composed a small group of performers to be played in a room of the palace? | Chamber Music |
| Where was Joseph Haydn born? | Austria |
| What were Joseph Haydn's early music influences? | Father singing folk songs, peasant dances at festivals, and basic music lessons from family members |
| What did Joseph Haydn first do when he moved to Vienna at age 8? | Serve as a choir boy |
| Why did Joseph Haydn leave his first job in Vienna? | He was dismissed after his voice changed |
| How did Joseph Haydn survive after leaving his first job in Vienna? | Taught music lessons and composed |
| What position did Joseph Haydn hold for most of his life? | Worked for the Esterhazy family |
| What type of person was Haydn? | Good humored, unselfish, cared for his musicians, and professional and responsible |
| What was Haydn's music like? | Inspired by folk songs and mastery theme development |
| What was Mozart's childhood like? | Child prodigy, born in Salzburg, Austria, participated in European concert tour, and father was a court musician |
| Did Mozart find success as a court musician? | No |
| Was Mozart more popular as an adult? | No |
| Was Mozart highly motivated as an adult? | No |
| What factors contributed to Mozart's later struggles in life? | Would not write in the popular style, low concert attendance, fewer music students, and music was overly complicated |
| Did Mozart write a masterpiece in every genre of music? | Yes |
| Did Mozart struggle to write his music? | No |
| Which genre of classical period music did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart help raise to the highest level, especially those for piano and clarinet? | Concerto |
| Where was Ludwig Van Beethoven born? | Germany |
| Did Beethoven come from a family of musicians? | Yes |
| Did Beethoven's father hope to use Beethoven as a profitable prodigy like Mozart? | Yes |
| What was Beethoven's childhood like? | Difficult with many family issues |
| Did Beethoven perform for or study with both Haydn and Mozart at some point? | Yes |
| Why was Ludwig Van Beethoven praised by the aristocracy? | Expression and virtuosity |
| Did Beethoven like being treated as a servant? | No |
| What ailment affected Ludwig Van Beethoven partway through his life? | Deafness |
| What is the topic of Ludwig Van Beethoven's Heiligenstadt Testament? | Considered ending his life, but chose not to in order to write more music |
| Who was Ludwig Van Beethoven's 3rd Symphony originally written for? | Napoleon Bonaparte |
| Ludwig Van Beethoven was meticulous when composing, but which statement best describes his personal life? | Disorganized and Sloppy |
| What was Ludwig Van Beethoven's source of income in Vienna? | Paid by the aristocracy to live in Vienna |
| Did Beethoven write pieces quickly? | No |
| What did Ludwig Van Beethoven do to the movements of his compositions that had not been done before? | Used similar themes and musical ideas in different movements |
| What were some traits of Beethoven's symphonies? | Increased size of the orchestra, new instruments added, and all instruments played melodic material that was challenging |
| How long was the Classical period? | 70 Years |
| What is the highest female vocal part? | Soprano |
| What city was opera created in? | Florence |
| What is the beginning date of the Romantic period? | 1820 |
| What is the ending date of the Romantic period? | 1900 |
| What Classical Period composer greatly influenced Romantic Period Composers? | Beethoven |
| What accompanied individuality of style as a major characteristic of the Romantic Period? | Self Expression |
| What was an often explored topic in the music of the Romantic Period? | Romantic Love |
| What term indicates the inclusion of folk songs, dances, legends, and other national material in a composition to associate it with the composer’s homeland in the Romantic Period? | Nationalism |
| What term indicates the use of melodies, rhythms, or instruments that suggest foreign lands in the Romantic Period? | Exoticism |
| What is instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene? | Program Music |
| What were some ways composers achieved expressive tone in the Romantic period? | New techniques on instruments, combinations of instrumental tones, and instruments |
| What Romantic Period practice does the use of chromatic harmony, delayed resolution of chords, and a variety of keys exemplify? | Colorful Harmony |
| What Romantic Period practice exemplifies more diverse dynamics, higher and lower pitches, and changes in mood? | Expanded Range |
| What Romantic Period pieces were meant to be heard in the home? | Miniatures |
| Why did most Romantic Period composers write music? | To meet their inner needs |
| What was founded across Europe in the first half of the 19th century and then later in the United States? | Conservatories |
| What was a fixture of in every home for private music making in the Romantic Period? | Piano |
| What is a composition for voice and piano? | Art Song |
| Where was Franz Schubert born? | Austria |
| What was the term for the parties where only Schubert's music was played? | Schubertiades |
| For what venue did Schubert compose most of his works? | People's Homes |
| What was the theme of most of Schubert's music? | Unhappy love and nature |
| Where was Robert Schumann born? | Germany |
| How could you describe most of Schumann's compositions? | Autobiographical |
| For what instrument or ensemble did Schumann compose most of his works? | Piano |
| In what other activity was Schumann involved? | Musical Journalism |
| How did Schumann meet his wife? | She was his piano teacher's daughter |
| How is Schumann's music usually organized? | Short pieces in song cycles or sets |
| How could you describe Clara Schumann's childhood? | She was a piano prodigy |
| What did Clara Schumann become well-known for later in life? | Teaching |
| Where was Frederic Chopin born? | Poland |
| For what instrument or ensemble did Chopin compose most of his works? | Piano |
| What limited Chopin's ability to drawn a big sound from the piano? | His frail physique |
| What did Chopin express through most of his music? | His love of Poland |
| Where was Franz Liszt born? | Hungary |
| Did Liszt ever hold a court position? | No |
| For what instrument or ensemble did Liszt compose most of his works? | Piano |
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