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Biology Chap 13

Concepts and connections chapter 13

QuestionAnswer
Fossils The imprints or remains of organisms that lived in the past.
Descent with Modification Another term for evolving; This is the term that Darwin used in "On The origin of species by means of natural selection".
Natural Selection The animals which are more fit and have the best adapted characteristics parent more offspring, passing on the good genes.
Artificial Selection The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals by selecting individual traits and keeping those.
Fossil Record The ordered way in which fossils are layered in the ground, dividing them by age.
Strata Layers of rock that form over time. Often contain a fossil record.
Biogeography The geographic distribution of species.
Comparative Anatomy Comparing the differences and similarities between body structures of different species.
Homology The similarity in characteristics that results from a common ancestor.
Homologous Structures Features that often have different functions but are structurally similar.
Vestigial Organs Organs that do not have any functions but are evolutional leftovers from some distant ancestor.
Population genetics A field of genetics that combines the ideas of Darwin and Mendel into one.
Modern Synthesis Modern synthesis focuses on populations as the units of evolution.
Gene Pool The total collection of genes in a population at a given time.
Microevolution A change in frequency of a gene in the gene pool.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium p^2 + 2pq + q^2.
Genetic Drift Genetic Drift is a change of a gene pool of a population due to chance.
Bottleneck Effect A bottleneck effect is an event that drastically reduces the size of a population. It reduces the genetic diversity of the population by reducing the number of breeding organisms.
Founder Effect The founder effect is what happens when a small group breaks off of the main group and settles a new area.
Gene flow A population may experience gene flow when fertile individuals move into or out of the population, hence changing the gene pool.
Polymorphic A population is said to be polymorphic for a characteristic is there are two or more morphs present.
Mutations A mutation is a change in the sequence of DNA.
Balancing selection Balancing selection occurs when natural selection maintains stable frequencies of two or more phenotypic forms in a population.
Heterozygote Advantage A possible cause of balancing selection.
Frequency-Dependent Selection A second type of balanced selection which promotes balanced polymorphism.
Nuetral Variation Genetic variation that provides no apparent selective advantage for some individuals over others.
Stabilizing Selection An original selection is spread with multiple variations of one thing, like color. It then focuses into one smaller set.
Directional Selection Shifts the environment to something which favors one of the extremes of the population, making individuals in that extreme more common.
Disruptive Selection Not one, but both of the extremes are favored in disruptive selection, while the middle characteristic is forced towards nothing.
Created by: Kiernan
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