Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
243 CH 21 - 24
243 EXAM 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hemoglobin | oxygen carrying cappacity |
| erthropoiesis | reticulocytes produced in bone marrow in response to erythropoietin |
| erythropoeitin | released by kidney in response to hypoxemia |
| requirements for RBC production | iron, folate, vitamin B12, erythropoietin, stem cells |
| hgba | adult, 2 a and 2 beta |
| hgbf | child, 2 a and 2 gamma - absorbs oxygen at lower tension |
| hemoglobin | 12 - 16 |
| hematocrit | 37 - 50% |
| mean corpuscular volume | size of RBC |
| macrocytic | big, low B12, low folate |
| microcytic | small, iron deficiency anemia, hemoglobinopathy, chronic disease, lead poisoning |
| normocytic | normal, acute bleeding, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, low erythropoietin, malignancy |
| mean corpuscular hemoglobin | average amount of hemoglobin per RBC, color |
| hypochromic | low |
| normochromic | normal |
| sickle cell hemoglobin | hgbs, defect in beta chain, 6th ring |
| catabolism | hemoglobin - heme - biliverdin - bilirubin |
| bilirubin | bile (liver) |
| globin | recycled amino acid |
| leukopenia | reduction in number of all white blood cells |
| neutropenia | reduction in number of neutrophils (1000 - 1500) |
| group A | antibodies in plasma: anti B, A antigen |
| group B | antibodies in plasma: anti A, B antigen |
| group AB | no antibodies in plasma, A and B antigens |
| group O | antibodies in plasma: anti A and Anti B, no antigens |
| thrombocytopenia | decreased number of platelets |
| leukemia | decreased platelet production in bone marrow |
| excess pooling of platelets in spleen | normally holds 1/3 of platelets |
| idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP | bruising, micro bleeds |
| clotting factor disorders | impaired synthesis of clotting factors due to decreased liver or Vitamin K |
| Rh incompatibility | communication between mother and baby |
| thalassemia | group of inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis of alpha or beta chains |
| polycythemia vera | absolute increase in total red blood cell mass |
| secondary polycythemia | due to another disorder |
| relative polycythemia | plasma circulating blood volume, dehydrated of DI (more RBC compared to plasma |
| polycythemia | can lead to stroke |
| hyperslpenism | overactive spleen |
| neutropenia | decreased number of neutrophils 1500 |
| neutropenia etiology | chemo, leukemia. infection, sepsis, aplastic anemia, nutritional deficiencies |
| tranfusion reaction | immune response to incompatible blood transfusion |
| normal hemostasis | platelets, clotting factors, vessel endothelium |
| vascular damage | constriction of vessels, slower blood flow with thromboxane hormone |
| platelet plug | platelets aggregate and attach to sub endothelial wall, release granules, von Willebrand factor involved |
| von willebrand factor | measures clotting |
| blood coagulation | intrinsic or extrinsic pathway, different factors become activated throughout |
| clot retraction | fibrin seals site |
| fibrinolysis | heparin stops clotting, clotting factors absorbed or inactivated, fibrin clot split |
| hemolytic disease of newborn | lead to stillbirth or jaundice in an Rh negative mother, can be prevented by injection of RhoGAM |
| platelet dysfunction | thrombocytopathia, diagnose by bleeding time |
| decrease clotting factors | decreased liver stimulation, vitamin K deficiency, decreased calcium intake |
| inherited coagulation defect | hemophilia A - insufficient or defective Factor VIII |
| signs and symptom's Hemophilia A | excessive and spontaneous bleeding, swelling, pain, muscle wasting, difficulty moving |
| abnormal consumption coagulation defect | hemorrhage caused by endothelial layer damage (burns, sepsis, trauma) |
| sickle cell crisis | moves from normal hemoglobin to sickle cell hemoglobin forming long inflexible chains |
| sickle cell | very painful, ischemia everywhere - obstruction of blood flow |
| anemia | decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of blood due to quality and quantity of RBCs, amount of HgB |
| etiology of anemia | decreased RBC production, iron deficiency, blood loss, erythrocyte destruction |
| iron deficiency anemia | most common, iron necessary for hemoglobin synthesis, due to poor intake, poor absorption, inadequate utilization |
| iron deficiency anemia morphology | microcytic, hypo chromic RBC (less iron, less color) |
| anemia due to hemmorrhage | acute blood loss (trauma), orthostatic hypotension, volume depletion 'change of position' |
| iron deficiency anemia seen | chronic kidney disease due to less EPO, low iron |
| anemia due to hemorrhage changes | increased reticulocyte count, no evidence of hemolysis |
| aplastic anemia | toxic, radiologic or immunologic injury to bone marrow (unable to produce cells), low platelets/ RBC |
| aplastic anemia signs | bleeding infections, treated with bone marrow transplant |
| megoblastic anemia | pernicious anemia, folic acid deficiency |
| vitamin B12 deficiency | lack of intrinsic factor |
| pernicious anemia | lack of intrinsic factor, macrocytic (megoblastic), peripheral nerve degeneration |
| folic acid deficiency | pregnant women, neural tube defects |
| hemolytic anemia causes | sickle cell disease, ABO or Rh incompatibility, drug induced |
| hemolytic anemia signs | jaundice, normocytic or normochromic |
| sickle cell disease | inherited disorder in which the presence of hemoglobin S causes erythrocytes to sickle when deoxygenated |
| hemoglobin S | hbS genes; damage to spleen |
| hemostasis | arrest of bleeding |
| systole | ventricles contracting, more pressure |
| diastole | ventricles relaxing, heart is filling |
| preload | stretch, volume before conraction |
| conditions affecting preload | clot blocking blood, dehydration |
| afterload | volume, pressure the heart needs to overcome to pump everything out (resistance) |
| contractility | ability of heart muscle to squeeze and contract |
| disseminated intravascular clotting | damage to endothelial layer, clot formation products consumed, increased hemorrhage |
| megaloblastic anemia morphology | macrocytic |
Created by:
ahommel
Popular Nursing sets