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SHS Bio Ch. 10

Stillwater HS Biology Ch 10 vocab

QuestionAnswer
heredity the passing on of characteristics from perents to offspring
genetics the branch of biology that studies heredity
gametes male and female sex cells
fertilization process in which the male gamete unites with the female gamete
zygote the fertilized cell that results from fertilization
pollination the transfer of pollen grains from a male reproductive organ to a female reproductive organ in a plant
Mendel an Austrian monk who did important studies in heredity
hybrid offspring of parents that have different forms a a trait, such as tall and short
alleles different gene forms
dominant the trait that appeared in offspring
recessive the trait that disappears in offspring
law of segregation every individual has two alleles of each gene and when gametes are produced, each gamete receives one of these alleles
phenotype the way an organism looks and behaves
genotype an organism's allele combination
homozygous describes a trait in which both alleles are the same
heterozygous describes a trait in which the two alleles are different
law of independent assortment Mendel's law that states that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
diploid cell with two of each kind of chromosome
haploid cell containing one of each kind of chromosome
homologous chromosomes the two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell
meiosis type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell
sperm male gametes
eggs female gametes
sexual reproduction involves production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells
crossing over when chromatids from homologous chromosomes break and exhange genetic materials
genetic recombination the reassortment of chromosomes and the genetic information they carry
nondisjunction failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis
polyploid orgnaism with more than the usual number of chromosome sets
Created by: mkifer
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