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Exam 3 Quizzes
BIOL-1409 with Professor Cash Fall 2022
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which characteristic is UNIQUE TO (true of all, and only of) animals? | A blastula stage during development |
| We classify animals primarily by their derived characters (tissues; symmetry; germ layers; and if 3 germ layers, then fate of the blastopore) and their evolutionary advantages. What is the evolutionary significance of bilateral symmetry? | Allows cephalization, tendency to concentrate sensory organs & brain in that part of the body that comes into contact with the environment first |
| Secondary characteristics used to classify animals include body cavity, digestive tract, segmentation, & development. What is the evolutionary advantage of indirect development? | Immature stages live in different habitats & eat different food than adults, reducing competition between generations |
| Humans interact with animals of all phyla. What is the significance of cnidarians to us? | Coral reefs protect shorelines & house much edible seafood |
| Why are roundworms less like the flatworms & segmented worms than they are like animals with segmented appendages? | Nematodes molt like the arthropods. |
| All animals have a blastula stage of development, and cells from the outside of the blastula may move to the inside. Phylum Echinodermata & phylum Chordata are grouped together in our study of animals because in both the | Blastopore becomes the anus. |
| Defining characteristics of the amphibians include | Vertebrates with 4 limbs that require liquid water for reproduction. |
| Which animal phylum provided adaptations for a fully terrestrial lifestyle? | Lobe-finned fish |
| Humans interact with animals of all phyla. What is the significance of eutherians to us? | We are eutherians. |
| Tissues are collections of specialized cells that perform a common function. Humans have four tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, & nervous, each defined by structure & function. Which is the function of the first type tissue? | Primarily protection; also exchange of materials into & out of the body |
| Human organ systems can be grouped by general function (such as detect & respond to stimuli; supporting body against pull of gravity & movement; removing waste & protecting the body). Which group is responsible for acquiring energy? | Digestive, circulatory, & respiratory |
| Negative feedback is | Definition, example, and mechanism are all correct. (Defined as "the response negates the original stimulus."/Exemplified by temperature regulation/The primary mechanism maintaining homeostasis.) |
| Integumentary system functions in all EXCEPT | Positive feedback. |
| Organ is exemplified by which component of the integumentary system, and why? | Dermis, made of more than 1 tissue |
| Functions of the nervous system include all EXCEPT | Maintenance of homeostasis through chemical messengers released into the blood. |
| What is the resting potential of a nerve cell (neuron)? | A charge differential across the plasma membrane |
| The sequence of events during an action potential is | Permeability of plasma membrane changes, ions diffuse, concentration gradient is re-established |
| Which part of the human nervous system is responsible for the efficient digestion of a pleasant meal? | Parasympathetic division of the peripheral nervous system |
| We divide the human brain into 4 functional parts: brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, & cerebrum, and we further subdivide the diencephalon into 2 structural parts, the thalamus & hypothalamus. What is the function of the cerebellum? | Controls posture & balance, coordinates muscle movements |
| Circulatory systems consist of fluid, pipes, and pumps. Which describes the first component of the human circulatory system? | Blood, connective tissue consisting of cells embedded in acellular matrix called plasma |
| Circulatory systems function to transport materials throughout the body. What moves O2 & CO2 gases in the human circulatory system? | Diffusion into & out of the capillaries |
| Blood is a complex tissue consisting of plasma & the formed elements. Which best describes the plasma? | Water in which is dissolved proteins, hormones, salts, waste, nutrients, & vitamins but no cells. |
| One cardiac cycle consists of | Systole of atria, systole of ventricles, diastole |
| Lymph is best described as | Blood minus cells minus proteins collected in blind-ended capillaries |
| Respiratory system includes all EXCEPT the | Mouth, as intake for food. |
| Respiratory system consists of many organs, all working together to exchange O2 & CO2 between the blood & the atmosphere. What is the function of the pharynx in the respiratory system? | Common to both the digestive & respiratory systems; pathway for air between nasal cavity & trachea |
| Gas concentration gradients required for the respiratory system are generated by | Photosynthesis, which raises O2 concentrations in the atmosphere |
| Gases exchanged by the respiratory system are transported in the blood. Which is a TRUE statement about O2 & CO2? | Iron within hemoglobin binds O2. |
| Internal respiration and external respiration both move gases in the respiratory system. In which direction are gases moved in internal respiration? | Opposite their directions in the lungs. |
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knrandles
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