Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BellaireBio9Unit9/10
Bellaire Bio9 Unit 9/10 Cell Division and Protein Synthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| amino acid sequence | In every protein molecule, the specific order of the subunits (aminio acid)in the chain |
| cancer | the diseases with which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably. These cells have the ability to 'invade' tissue in the body and are spread through the blood and lymph system |
| carcinogenic | A chemical agent that causes cancer |
| chromosome | a threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consist of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins |
| chromosome pair (homologous chromosomes) | One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father, the other from the mother |
| Chromatids | either of the two strands of a replicated chromosome, which are joined at the centromere |
| complementary sequence | the matching sequence of bases when copying nucleic acid. Uses the following rules: adenine and thymine in DNA, adenine and uracil in RNA, and guanine and cytosine in both |
| crossing over | the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I |
| degreen of kinship | how closely related two organisms are to each other |
| deletion | (1) a deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment throughbreakage (2) a mutational loss of a nucleotide from a gene |
| diploid | a cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent |
| DNA replication | The process of making a copy of DNA |
| DNA sequence | In every DNA molecule, the specific order of the subunits (nucleotides) in the chain |
| double helix | The form of DNA. refering to its two adjacent strands wound into a spiral shape |
| gametes (sex cells) | A haploid egg or sperm cell; gametes unit during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote |
| gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses) |
| genetic diversity | The variation within species which allows populations to adapt to changes in climate and other local environmental conditions. |
| genetic mutation | A rare change in the DNA of genes that ultimately creates gentic diversity |
| genetic variation | a measure ofthe genetic differences there are within populations or species |
| haploid | a cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n) |
| inherited trait | this is the process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires the characteristics of its parent cell or organism |
| jumping genes (transposons) | sequences of DNA that can move around positions within the genome of a a single cell, a process called transpotion. In the process, they can cause mutations and change the amount of DNA in the genome |
| karyotype | a method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number, size, and type |
| meiosis | a two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in gametes with half the chromosome number of the original cell |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | a type of RNA synthesized from DNA in the genetic material that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein |
| mitosis | az process of cell division in eukeryotic cells; it conserves chromosome number by equally allocating replicated chromosomes to each the the daughter nuclei. |
| nucleotide | The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group |
| progeny | a gentic descendant or offspring |
| protein structure | the unique three dimensinal arrangement of a protein. Is the "fingerprint" of each protein |
| proteirn sunthesis | the process of making proteins |
| ribosome | the cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus, functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm |
| sex chromosomes | the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual |
| transcription | the synthesis of RNA on a DNA template |
| transfer RNA (tRNA) | an RNA molecule that functins as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA |
| translation | the synthesis of a polypeptide (protein), using the genetic information in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of "language" from nucleotides to amino acids. |
Created by:
kdewey
Popular Biology sets