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Atypical bacteria

Atypical bacteria and atypical meds

QuestionAnswer
What are the main types of Mycobacteria? 1. M. tuberculosis 2. M. avium-intracellulare 3. M. scrofulaceum 4. M. marinum
How do mycobacteria stain with? Acid-fast stain
Which mycobacteria is associated with dissemination and non-TB disease in AIDS? M. avium-intracellulare
Which type of Mycobacteria would be seen in the hand of a person working at an aquarium? M. marinum
What is the cord factor for Mycobacteria? "Serpentine cord"
How does the "serpentine cord" in mycobacterium work? Activates macrophages (promote granuloma formation) and induces release of TNF-α
What does a PPD (+) tell you? Current infection or past exposure
What vaccination can give you a false positive TB test result? BCG vaccine
Is TB associated with caseating or non-caseating granulomas? Caseating granulomas
What condition is associated with Langhans giant cell? Secondary TB
Does TB reactivation tend to favor the upper or lower lung lobes? Upper (apices)
Hilar nodes + Ghon focus = Ghon complex
What is another name for Leprosy? Hansen disease
Which species causes Leprosy? Mycobacterium leprae
How is the loss of sensation in leprosy described? "Glove and stoking" distribution
What are the two types of Leprosy? 1. Lepromatous 2. Tuberculoid
Which form of Leprosy is more severe? Lepromatous
Is Lepromatous leprosy mediated by TH1 or TH2 cells? Th2
Which form of leprosy is mediated by Th1 cells? Tuberculoid
What are the characteristics of Lepromatous leprosy? Diffuse over skin, with leonine (lionlike) facies, and is highly infective
How is Tuberculoid leprosy presented? Limited to a few hypo-esthetic, hairless skin plaques
What is the treatment regimen for Tuberculoid form of Leprosy? Dapsone and Rifampin
What drug is added to Lepromatous leprosy treatment, on top of Dapsone and Rifampin? Clofazimine
Is M. leprae an organism that prefers cold or hot temperatures? Cold temperatures
What is the main reservoir of Leprae in the USA? Armadillos
When is an organism considered an obligate intracellular? If it cannot make their own ATP
What are the two main forms of chlamydia that result in mucosal infections? Elementary body --> infectious Reticulate body --> replicates in cell by fission
What are some diseases caused by C. trachomatis? 1. Neonatal and follicular adult conjunctivitis 2. Nongonococcal urethritis 3. PID 4. Reactive arthritis
What are common causes of atypical pneumonia due to chlamydia? C. pneumonia and C. psittaci
Which type of antibiotics are useless in treating chlamydia? ß-lactam antibiotic
What is the best treatment option for chlamydia? Doxycycline >> Azithromycin, add ceftriaxone for possible concurrent gonorrhea
Which serotypes of C. Trachomatis causes Lymphogranuloma venereum? L1, L2, and L3
What is Lymphogranuloma venereum? Small, painless ulcers on genitals --> swollen, painful inguinal lymph nodes that ulcerate (buboes)
Which serotypes of C. Trachomatis cause neonatal pneumonia? D-K
What is the unusual description of cough in C. trachomatis pneumonia? Staccato cough
Which pleomorphic, gram-variable rod is involved in bacterial vaginosis? Gardnerella vaginalis
How is the discharge of Gardnerella vaginosis described? Gray vaginal discharge with a fishy smell; non painful
What is the histological key finding of Gardnerella vaginosis? Clue cells
What are "clue cells" in bacterial vaginosis? Vaginal cells covered with Gardnerella
What is the Amine whiff test? Mixing vaginal discharge with KOH enhances fishy odor
What is the treatment for Gardnerella vaginosis? Metronidazole or clindamycin
What is the pH seen in Gardnerella vaginosis? pH > 4.5
Created by: rakomi
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