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cells prt 1 test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together, preforming major functions |
| tissue | similar cells that preform the same function that are grouped together |
| organelle | a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| organism | any living thing |
| organ | a body structure composed of different kinds of tissues that work together |
| specialized cell | cells designed to carry out a particular role in the body |
| cell membrane | a thin but tough wall surrounding the cell |
| endoplasmic reticulum | sac-like structures and tubes in the cytoplasm (gel-like fluid) of a cell |
| chloroplasts | small, but important structures inside of plant cells |
| vacuoles | a sac-like organelle that stores water, food, or other materials needed by the cell |
| lysosomes | chemicals that break down materials in the cell |
| cytoplasm | a gel like liquid that fills the inside of a cell |
| nucleus | a large oval organelle that has the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities |
| Golgi apparatus | an organelle that acts as the packaging center of the cell |
| cell wall | a strong, protective structure that surrounds a plant cell |
| ribosomes | a small organelle involved in the process of making protein, which is called protein synthesis |
| mitochondria | the powerhouses of the cell (They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients and breaks them down.) |
| Robert Hooke | first to observe cells |
| Anton van Leewenhoek | the first to observe living cells |
| Matthias Schleiden | concluded that all plants are made of cells |
| Theodore Schwann | concluded that all animals were made of cells |
| Rudolf Virchow | proposed that all cells were made from other cells |
| What all cells must do to stay alive? | Cells require oxygen as animals need oxygen to breathe. They also need water. Animal cells need food to get energy for growth, repair and reproduction |
| The cell theory? | 1. all living things are made of cells 2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things 3. all new cells are produced from existing cells |
| Similarities and differences between animal and plant cells? | Similarities: cell membrane, cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria Differences for plant cell: cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole Differences for animal cells: lysosomes, very small vacuoles, smaller in size, cilia |
| How is the body organized? | Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems |
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