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C.2 essential vocab
C.2 E.V.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | the smallest basic unit of matter |
| adhesion | the attraction among molecules of different substances |
| acid | a compound that releases a proton-a hydrogen ion (H+) when it dissolves in water |
| amino acids | molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| activation energy | the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start |
| bond energy | the amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms |
| base | compounds that remove H+ ions from a solution |
| compound | a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio |
| covalent bonds | forms when atoms share a pair of electrons |
| cohesion | the attraction among molecules of a substance |
| carbohydrates | molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They also include sugars and starches |
| chemical reactions | change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds |
| catalyst | a substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction-also increases the rate of the chemical reaction |
| element | one particular type of atom, cannot be broken down into a simpler substance |
| equilibrium | reached when both the reactants and products are made at the same rate |
| exothermic | a chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs |
| endothermic | a chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases |
| enzyme | catalysts for chemical reactions in living things |
| fatty acid | chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms |
| hydrogen bond | an attraction between a slightly negative atom and a slightly positive atom, usually oxygen or nitrogen |
| ion | an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons |
| ionic bond | forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions |
| lipid | nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| monomer | each subunit in a complete molecule |
| nucleic acid | polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides |
| pH | a scale on which a solution's acidity, or H+ ion concentration is measured |
| polymer | a large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together |
| protein | a polymer made of monomers called amino acids |
| product | the substances made by a chemical reaction |
| reactant | the substances changed during a chemical reaction |
| solution | a mixture of substances that is the same throughout |
| solvent | the substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance |
| solute | a substance that dissolves in a solvent |
| substrate | the specific reactants that an enzyme acts on |
Created by:
sophiamerando
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