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The Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the scientific name for mouth? | oral cavity |
| Glands around the oral cavity that produce spit. | salivary glands |
| Scientific name for throat. | pharynx |
| Tube that extends from pharynx to stomach. | esophagus |
| Largest solid organ in the body. Reddish brown and located above the spleen, stomach, and small intestine. | liver |
| Small sack below the liver. | gallbladder |
| C-shaped sack that stores and breaks down food. | stomach |
| Spongy organ located behind the stomach. | pancreas |
| Fist-sized organ next to the stomach, pancreas, and liver. | spleen |
| Long, folded organ that extends from the stomach to the large intestine. | small intestine |
| Begins at the small intestine and goes up, across, and down before transitioning into the rectum. | large intestine |
| Small, finger-shaped organ that branches off of the large intestine. | appendix |
| The final section of the large intestine that leads to the anus. | rectum |
| Opening at the end of the large intestine and rectum through which solid waste leaves. | anus |
| GI tract in order: _____, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus. | mouth |
| GI tract in order: mouth, _________, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus. | esophagus |
| GI tract in order: mouth, esophagus, _______, small intestine, large intestine, anus. | stomach |
| GI tract in order: mouth, esophagus, stomach, _____ _________, large intestine, anus. | small intestine |
| GI tract in order: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, _____ _________, anus. | large intestine |
| GI tract in order: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, ____. | anus |
| Type of epithelial tissue that lines organs open to the exterior. | mucous |
| The mucosa is comprised of __________ tissue, underlying connective tissue, and a thin layer of smooth muscle. | epithelial |
| The mucosa is comprised of epithelial tissue, underlying __________ tissue, and a thin layer of smooth muscle. | connective |
| The mucosa is comprised of epithelial tissue, underlying connective tissue, and a thin layer of smooth ______. | muscle |
| What cells produce protein-digesting enzymes? | chief cells |
| What cells produce thin acidic mucous? | mucous neck cells |
| What cells produce local hormones like gastrin? | enteroendocrine cells |
| What separates the esophagus from the stomach? | cardioesophageal sphincter |
| What region of the stomach contains the cardioesophageal sphincter? | cardinal region |
| What separates the stomach and the small intestine? | pyloric sphincter |
| What section of the stomach contains the pyloric sphincter? | pyloric antrum |
| In which organ does protein digestive occur? (1) | stomach1 |
| The 4 modifications that increase surface area in the small intestine: _____, microvilli, circular folds, plicae circulares. | villi |
| The 4 modifications that increase surface area in the small intestine: villi, __________, circular folds, plicae circulares. | microvilli |
| The 4 modifications that increase surface area in the small intestine: villi, microvilli, ________ ______, plicae circulares. | circular folds |
| The 4 modifications that increase surface area in the small intestine: villi, microvilli, circular folds, ______ __________. | plicae circulares |
| Which small intestine modification have fingerlike projections? (1) | villi1 |
| The small intestine begins at the (1) | pyloric sphincter1 |
| The small intestine ends at the | ileocecal valve |
| The 2 organs that release secretions into the small intestine are ________ and liver. (1) | pancreas1 |
| The 2 organs that release secretions into the small intestine are pancreas and _____. (1) | liver1 |
| What section of the small intestine are bile and enzymes transported to? | duodenum |
| The 2 primary functions of the stomach are to _____ and break down food. | store |
| The 2 primary functions of the stomach are to store and _____ _____ food. | break down |
| The 2 primary functions of the small intestine are ________ digestion and nutrient absorption. | chemical |
| The 2 primary functions of the small intestine are chemical digestion and ________ absorption. | nutrient |
| The 3 subdivisions of the small intestine are the ________, jejunum, and ileum. (1) | duodenum1 |
| The 3 subdivisions of the small intestine are the duodenum, _______, and ileum. | jejunum |
| The 3 subdivisions of the small intestine are the duodenum, jejunum, and _____. | ileum |
| The 5 subdivisions of the large intestine are the _____, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. | cecum |
| The 5 subdivisions of the large intestine are the cecum, _________ colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. | ascending |
| The 5 subdivisions of the large intestine are the cecum, ascending colon, __________ colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. | transverse |
| The 5 subdivisions of the large intestine are the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, __________ colon, and sigmoid colon. | descending |
| The 5 subdivisions of the large intestine are the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and _______ colon. | sigmoid |
| Mastication | chewing |
| What does the enzyme amylase digest? | starch |
| How many teeth are included in a full adult set? | 32 |
| Function of incisors | cutting |
| Function of canines: _______, piercing. | tearing |
| Function of canines: tearing, ________. | piercing |
| Function of molars: ________, grinding. | crushing |
| Function of molars: crushing, ________. | grinding |
| Which organ produces bile? (2) | liver2 |
| Which organ stores bile? (2) | gallbladder2 |
| Which organ utilizes bile? (2) | small intestine2 |
| Name of the tube that directs bile to be stored in the gallbladder is the common _______ ____. | hepatic duct |
| Name of the tube that directs bile to the liver so it can be used. | bile duct |
| The process where complex molecules are broken down into smaller pieces that your body can use. | chemical digestion |
| The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal that push the contents forward. | peristalsis |
| Peristalsis is important because it gives the body ____ to digest the food. | time |
| Process that moves food around the small intestine to mix it with digestive juices? | segmentation |
| Carbohydrate that our bodies can't digest. | fiber |
| Building blocks of protein. | amino acids |
| Building blocks of carbs. | monosaccharides |
| Building blocks of fat. | fatty acids |
| The process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it. | ingestion |
| The process of breaking down food into substances that can be used by the body. | digestion |
| The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another. | absorption |
| The discharge of feces from the body. | defecation |
| The first nutrient that is chemically digested. (2) | starch2 |
| Scientific term for swallowing. | deglutition |
| What does pepsin break down? (3) | proteins3 |
| It takes _ to 6 hours for chyme to journey through the small intestine. | 3 |
| It takes 3 to _ hours for chyme to journey through the small intestine. | 6 |
| It takes 3 to 6 hours for _____ to journey through the small intestine. | chyme |
| It takes 3 to 6 hours for chyme to journey through the ______ _________. (4) | small intestine4 |
| Creating complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones. | anabolism |
| Breaking down complex molecules to form simpler ones. | catabolism |
| Where does water absorption occur? (5) | small intestine5 |
| Where does starch begin to digest? (2) | mouth2 |
| What tube propels food but doesn't involve digestion? (7) | esophagus7 |
| Where does the defecation reflex initiate? | colon |
| Where is vitamin K synthesized by bacteria? (3) | large intestine3 |
| The first phase of swallowing is the ______ phase. | buccal |
| The second phase of swallowing is the __________ __________ phase. | pharyngeal esophageal |
| The buccal phase occurs in the _____. (8) | mouth8 |
| The buccal phase is _________. (Voluntary or involuntary) | voluntary |
| The pharyngeal esophageal phase is ___________. (Voluntary or involuntary) | involuntary |
| Food in the mouth is formed into a _____. | bolus |
| The bolus is forced into the pharynx by the ______. | tongue |
| During the pharyngeal esophageal phase all passageways except to the stomach are _______. | blocked |
| During swallowing the passageway to the mouth is blocked by the ______. (2) | tongue2 |
| During swallowing the passageway to the ___________ is blocked by the soft palate. | nasopharynx |
| During swallowing the passageway to the larynx is blocked by the __________. | epiglottis |
| The cardioesophageal sphincter opens when food is _______ against it. | pressed |
| Which digestive system organ is the target of gastrin? | stomach |
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2025kygen
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