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Mitosis and Meiosis

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TermDefinition
What is the difference between chromosomes and chromatin? Chromosomes - DNA coiled up (wound up) in the nucleus Chromatin – uncoiled DNA spread throughout the nucleus
Identify the factors that cause a cell to divide: Volume and surface area ratio needs to be high DNA cant make enough proteins Produces to much waste
What is the difference between differentiation and specialization? Differentiation – when cells start to make different proteins Specialization – a specific function to perform
Explain the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual - without gametes (sex cells) sexual – with gametes
Identify the difference between diploid and haploid. diploid (2N) – 2 sets of chromosomes haploid (N) – 1 set of chromosomes
interphase the period of normal cell activity
prophase nuclear membrane breaks down and chromatin coils to form
metaphase chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
anaphase microtubules pull chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell
telophase chromosomes unwind (return to ) and new cell wall/membrane starts to form
cytokinesis duplication of cytoplasm and organelles
How are mitosis and cytokinesis different? Mitosis- duplication of cytoplasm and organelles Cytokinesis- period of division of the nucleus
What is cancer? condition where cells don’t respond to regulators (called cyclins) inside the cell keep dividing without staying in interphase
What controls the cell cycle? cyclins
Name and define the two groups of factors that regulate the cell cycle. internal regulators – factors that respond to events inside the cell external regulators - factors that respond to events outside the cell
List the types of tumors that result from uncontrolled cell division and distinguish between them. benign: (can be non cancerous) does not spread (encapsulated) malignant: cancerous, spreads
Define meiosis. the process of cutting the chromosome number in half
Why is meiosis so important to organisms that reproduce sexually? right number of chromosomes and increases genetic diversity
What is the end result of mitosis? 2 identical daughter cells
What is the end result of meiosis: in males, in females? In males - 4 haploids sperm cell In females - 1 egg, 3 cells called “polar bodies”
How are somatic cells and germ cells (gametes) different? Somatic cells - body cells Gametes - sex cells
What is the human genome project? mapping every gene of every chromosome in a human cell
Created by: KiahnaL
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