Errors that occur during DNA replication which result in a change in the codon sequence of DNA

How do mutations affect physical characteristics?

A change in the DNA creates a change in the RNA which creates a change in the protein which creates a change in the phenotype (physical characteristic)

Are mutations always harmful?

No, most are neutral, but they can be helpful as well because they increase genetic diversity

What causes mutations?

Chemicals and UV radiation, copying errors in the cell cycle, viruses

What are the types of gene mutations?

point mutations, substitutions, insertions, deletions, frameshift

What are chromosomal mutations?

Mutations changing the structure of the whole chromosome which affects multiple genes at a time

Are chromosomal mutations harmful?

Yes, most of them are not survivable

What is nondisjunction?

Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis which causes a gamete to have too many or too few chromosomes

What are gene mutations?

A mutation changing the nucleotide sequence of a gene, usually involving a single nucleotide

What is a point mutation?

The change of a single nucleotide: deletion, substitution, or insertion.

What is a frameshift mutation?

Inserting or deleting one or more nucleotides which changes the reading frame causing proteins to be built incorrectly.

What is the most detrimental of gene mutations?

Frameshift mutations because it affects all codons that come after the mutation

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Mutations

Question	Answer
What are mutations?	Errors that occur during DNA replication which result in a change in the codon sequence of DNA
How do mutations affect physical characteristics?	A change in the DNA creates a change in the RNA which creates a change in the protein which creates a change in the phenotype (physical characteristic)
Will offspring be affected if a mutation is in the DNA of somatic (body) cells?	No
Will offspring be affected if a mutation is in the DNA of gametes (sperm and eggs)?	Yes
Do mutations happen regularly?	Yes
Are mutations always harmful?	No, most are neutral, but they can be helpful as well because they increase genetic diversity
What causes mutations?	Chemicals and UV radiation, copying errors in the cell cycle, viruses
How can mutations be repaired?	By enzymes
What are the types of chromosomal mutations?	Nondisjunction
What are the types of gene mutations?	point mutations, substitutions, insertions, deletions, frameshift
What are chromosomal mutations?	Mutations changing the structure of the whole chromosome which affects multiple genes at a time
Are chromosomal mutations harmful?	Yes, most of them are not survivable
What is nondisjunction?	Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis which causes a gamete to have too many or too few chromosomes
What are gene mutations?	A mutation changing the nucleotide sequence of a gene, usually involving a single nucleotide
What is a point mutation?	The change of a single nucleotide: deletion, substitution, or insertion.
What is a frameshift mutation?	Inserting or deleting one or more nucleotides which changes the reading frame causing proteins to be built incorrectly.
What is the most detrimental of gene mutations?	Frameshift mutations because it affects all codons that come after the mutation

Created by: zahnsg

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