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photosynthesis
ap bio unit 3 - photosynthesis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what is sunlight used for? | to get chlorophyll excited |
| what is water used for in photosynthesis | to provide H+ ions and electrons |
| what are NADPre and ATP used for in photosynthesis? | the Calvin Cycle |
| what is oxygen used for in photosynthesis? | nothing (its waste) |
| what is carbon dioxide used for in photosynthesis | 6 CO2s are used to form glucose (6 turns of the Calvin Cycle) |
| what is glucose used for in plants? | to form cellulose and act as "food" for plants |
| what happens after NADPre and ATP is used in photosynthesis? | they are recycled |
| A+H-->AH reactant A is... | reduced |
| the formation of ATP____ energy | stores |
| the wavelengths of light effecting in driving photosynthesis are... | red, blue-violet |
| the only product of cyclic photophosphorylation = | ATP |
| the direct products of noncyclic photophosphorylation = | O2, NADPre |
| the products of light reactions that drive the dark reactions = | ATP, NADPre |
| products of the Calvin Cycle (dark reactions) = | PGAL, ADP, NADPox |
| the light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the... | thylakoid membrane |
| the dark reactions take place in the... | stroma |
| the ETC of photosynthesis take place are built in the | thylakoid membrane |
| PGAL is synthesized in the | dark reactions of photosynthesis |
| what process utilizes CO2 | calvin cycle |
| both the light and dark reactions | involve oxidation/reduction reactions |
| what process uses light-energized electrons | both light reactions |
| what process produces NADPre | noncyclic photophosphorylation |
| what process produces O2 | noncyclic photophosphorylation |
| what process involves the splitting of water | noncyclic photophosphorylation |
| cyclic photophosphorylation | when chlorophyll in the chloroplast is both the initial electron donor and ultimate electron acceptor |
| LEAST likely to be a limiting factor in photosynthesis | oxygen |
| place where CO2 enters the plant cell | stomata |
| in the reaction centers during photophosphorylation | light energy is converted into chemical energy |
| H+ ions are transported into the thylakoid during ... | cyclic photophosphorylation |
| oxidation | when a molecule loses electrons and H+ and energy |
| reduction | when a molecule gains electrons and H+ and energy |
| the process of adding a phosphate group to ADP is called.... | photophosphorylation |
| chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP | ADP molecules and phosphate molecules in stroma attach to ATP-ase and then H+ is diffused through ATP-ase and forms ATP (then ATP is later used for the dark rxn) |
| ATP = | a molecule that stores energy that can be used to do things |
| the thylakoid interior has a _____ pH than the stroma | lower |
| why is photosynthesis so important? | lit take low-quality energy (solar radiation from the sun), and condenses this energy into stored high-quality energy (potential energy stored in chemical bonds of glucose) |
| cyclic photophosphorylation is | (less important), primitive, involves photosynthetic unit P700, no oxygen by-product, no NADPre, no glucose (only ATP) |
| noncyclic photophosphorylation is | (most important) more advanced, involves photosynthetic units P700 and P680, oxygen is released |
| a photosynthetic unit is... | 200/300 molecules of chlorophyll organized into functioning units, each unit contains a reaction center molecule |
| reaction center molecule | a specialized chlorophyll molecule |
| the oxygen evolved in photosynthesis comes from | water |
| the first step in photosynthesis is | energizing an electron of chlorophyll by a photon of light |
| the ____ reactions provide energy for the _____ reactions | light/dark |
| source of electrons that reduce NADP | water |
| most photophosphorylation takes place in the ___ cells of leaves | mesophyll |
| main difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration | photosynthesis stores energy while cellular respiration releases it |
| reactants of photosynthesis: | CO2+H2O |
| products of photosynthesis | glucose, oxygen, water |
| autotrophs | organisms capable of making organic molecules from inorganic molecules |
| photoautotrophs | use sun |
| chemo autotrophs | w/out sun |
| heterotrophs | organisms that consume autotrophs and/or heterotrophs that have eaten autotrophs |
| chloroplasts | the organelles which contain the green pigment chlorophyll responsible for photosynthesis |
| longer wavelengths = | less energy |
| shorter wavelengths = | more energy |
| carbon fixation | carbon made into an organic molecule |
| KRANZ plants/C4 plants | evolved in the tropics/deserts (sugarcane, corn, cacti), C4=1st stable molecule after carbon fixation, PEP-ase (hooks CO2 to PEP then C4 molecules travel to bundle sheath cells and unloads CO2), Calvin Cycle only occur in bundle sheath cells |
| photorespiration | the process which RuBP is broken down because it combines with O2 instead of CO2, occurs on hot dry days when plants close their stomata to conserve H2O, BAD because no energy is made nor is any sugar |
| CAM method | found in desert plants, close stomata during day/open at night |
| C4 vs CAM | similar: both convert CO2 into organic intermediates before Calvin Cycle different: C4- carbon fixation occurs during the day CAM - carbon fixation occurs at night |
Created by:
tpolinsky24
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