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Ch 7 Earth Part 2&3
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Seismic Waves | travel outward from the site of an earthquake through the Earth (include both p & s-waves) |
| P-Waves | pressure waves that vibrate the Earth's interior parallel to their direction of motion (longitudinal) |
| S-Waves | shear waves that vibrate the Earth's interior perpendicular to their direction of motion (transverse) |
| Inner Core | solid part of Earth's core composed mainly of nickel and iron |
| Outer Core | liquid part of Earth's core composed mainly of nickel and iron |
| Lava | molten rock expelled from the interior of a planet or moon |
| Magma | molten rock that is below the surface |
| Bombardment | frequent collision of solar system bodies common during the solar system's early history |
| Differentiation | variation in the composition of a body with low-density material on the surface and higher density material in the core |
| Radioactivity | release of energy by rare, heavy elements when their nuclei decay into lighter nuclei |
| Continental Drift | movement of continents around the Earth's surface (a.k.a. plate tectonics) |
| Lithosphere | Earth's crust and a small portion of the upper mantle, which undergoes tectonic activity |
| Asthenosphere | layer of Earth's interior just below the lithosphere over which the surface plates slide |
| Subduction Zone | place where two plates meet and one slides under the other |
| Midocean Ridge | place where two plates are moving apart, allowing fresh magma to well up from below |
| Rock Cycle | process where surface rock on Earth is continuously redistributed and transformed |
| Fault Line | dislocation of a planet's surface, often indicating the boundary between two plates |
| Rift | place where a single tectonic plate is splitting into two or more |
| Radioactive Dating | technique used to determine the age of rock or carbon by comparing the abundance ratios of a radioactive isotope |
| Isotopes | nuclei containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons for a given element |
| Radioactive Decay | process where a nuclei spontaneously transforms into one or more different nuclei while also emitting radiation |
| Half-Life | amount of time it takes for half of the initial amount of a radioactive substance to decay |
| Pangaea | hypothetical landmass that existed when all continents were joined together |
| Solar Wind | outward flow of fast-moving charged particles from the Sun |
| Van Allen Belts | two regions of magnetically trapped, charged particles perpendicular to Earth's poles |
| Aurora | when atmospheric molecules are excited by incoming charged particles from the solar wind |
| Dynamo Theory | explains planetary and stellar magnetic fields in terms of rotating, conducting material flowing in an object's interior |
| Tides | rising and falling motion of terrestrial bodies of water, exhibiting daily, monthly, and yearly cycles caused by the competing gravity of the Moon and the Sun |
| Tidal Bulge | deformation of a body produced by the tidal effect of a nearby gravitating object |
| Tidal Force | variation in one body's gravitational force from place to place across another body |
Created by:
john_bailey720
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