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science exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do geologists study | Geologists are scientists who study the forces that make and shape planet earth |
| What’s the difference between constructive and destructive forces? | Constructive forces shape the surface by building up mountains and land masses wile disruptive forces wear away mountains and every other feature on the surface |
| Scientist can’t see what’s deep in Earth and need to use indirect evidence to figure it out. Give an example of this evidence. | Scientists use seismic or earthquake waves and study how they travel through Earth. The speed and the path these seismic waves take reveal what’s inside our planet. |
| If you could travel to the center of the earth, what would happen to temperature and pressure as you left the surface and went deeper? | If you go down to the center of the earth you might feel warm 20 meters down. If you go about 40 more meters deeper the temperature will go up to 1 Celsius degree the temperature will rise. The deeper you go pressure will increase |
| The crust is land above the ocean where we live & land at the bottom of the ocean. Name the rock that mainly makes up the continental crust & the oceanic crust. | Basalt is the oceanic crust. Granite is a rock larger than crystals |
| List Earth’s layers in order starting at the surface. | Crust, Mantle, Inner Core, Outer core Or Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core |
| Describe the outer core. | The outer core is an iron metal that surrounds the inner core and the inner core is a dense ball of metal. |
| Describe the inner core. | Inside the inner core the tense pressure squeezes the atoms of iron and nickel so much that they cannot spread liquid |
| What creates Earth’s magnetic field? | Currents in the liquid outer core layer force the solid inner core to spin at a slightly faster rate than the rest of the planet. |
| What are the 3 types of heat transfer? | Radiation conduction and convention |
| Define radiation. | Radiation is a heat transfer |
| Define conduction. | Conduction is a heat transferred to the object that you are holding |
| Define convection. | Convention is heat transfer by movement of heated fluid |
| Convection currents in Earth occurs in which layer? | Convection currents occur in the mantle. -The asthenosphere which is a layer inside the top layer of the mantle has convection currents too. |
| What fits together like puzzle pieces? | The continents fit together like puzzle pieces. |
| What is Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift? | Wegener's idea is that the continents slowly moved over earths surface |
| What did Alfred Wegener name the single landmass | evidence wegener named the single landmass Pangaea |
| What evidence did Wegener gather to support his idea of continental drift? (3 types of evidence) | He studied: landforms, fossils and climate change over many millions of years. |
| Looking at glacier evidence in South Africa, why was this evidence important to Alfred Wegener? | South Africa's climate is too mild (not cold enough) for glaciers to exist there today, but millions of years ago, South Africa was much close-r to the South Pole where it would be very cold to make glaciers. |
| Why did scientists reject Alfred Wegener’s theory that the continents moved apart? | Weneger could not provide a satisfactory explanation for the force that push or pulls the continents |
| What device was used to map the ocean floor? | The sonar is used bounce waves |
| What did geologist, Harry Hess think of Alfred Wegener’s idea that the continents moved? | He thought, maybe Wegener was right. The continents did move after studying the ocean floor. |
| How does the ocean floor move at the mid-ocean ridge? | When new molten lava comes out of the cracks ocean and push the old rock and fross it to move |
| What is the process called where new material is constantly being added to the ocean floor at the mid-ocean ridge? | Sea floor spreading |
| More evidence that the ocean floor moves was found from magnetic stripes in the ocean floor. What did scientists learn from drilling samples all over the ocean floor? | The farther away you drill from the mid-ocean ridge, the older the rocks were. The youngest rocks were always in the center of the mid-ocean ridge. |
| The ocean floor is growing larger making our planet larger. Therefore, what happens to old | A deep ocean trench swallows more oceanic crust |
| The lithosphere is broken into separate sections called what? Paste a diagram of the term you found. | Plates |
| What does the theory of plate tectonics explain? | The theory of plate tectonics explains about the formation movement |
| How can the plates move? | The plates of the lithosphere float on top of the asthenosphere convention currents rise in the asthenosphere and spread between the lithosphere |
| What are the 3 types of boundaries? | Transform boundary Divergent boundary Convergent boundary |
| What are faults? | Faults breaks into earths crust extended where rocks slipped past each other |
| What is a transform boundary? | Is a place where two plates slip past each other |
| What is a divergent boundary? | A place where two plates move apart or diverge |
| What is a convergent boundary? | Is when two plates converge |
Created by:
israel10
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