Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
263 CH23
263 EXAM 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| external abdominal oblique | outermost layer |
| internal abdominal oblique | middle layer |
| transverse abdominis | innermost layer |
| muscles protection internal organs | allows normal compression during coughing, sneezing, urination, defecation and childbirth |
| solid viscera | internal organs of the upper abdomen that are primarily solid in nature, liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenals and kidney |
| liver | largest organ in the body, below diaphragm in right upper quadrant |
| pancreas | endocrine gland and accessory organs of digestion |
| spleen | filters blood of cellular debris, digest microorganisms and return breakdown products to liver |
| enlarged spleen | lower tip extends down and toward midline |
| kidneys | filter and eliminate waste, secrete hormones |
| hollow viscera | stomach, small bowel, large bowel, rectum, gallbladder and bladder |
| stomach | store churn and digest food |
| gallbladder | concentrate and store bile needed to digest fat |
| small intestine | digestion and absorption of nutrients through mucosal projections its walls, longest portion of digestive tract, small diameter |
| large intestine | secrete alkaline mucus to lubricate intestine and neutralize acids formed by intestinal bacteria |
| visceral pain | hollow abdominal organs become distended or contract forcefully, capsules of spleen and liver are stretched, dull burning cramping colicky |
| parietal pain | parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed, appendicitis, peritonitis, sharp, severe, steady |
| peritonitis | distended abdomen, measure abdominal girth |
| acute pancreatitis | sudden onset, caused alcohol ingestion |
| pancreatic cancer | gradual/ recurrent |
| referred pain | not felt at pain source |
| pattern | timing and relationship |
| precipitates GERD pain | supine position |
| indigestion | heartburn, indicates acute or chronic gastric disorders |
| gastric disorders | hyperacidity, gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer disease, stomach cancer |
| diarrhea | may be seen with food intolerances, infections and irritable bowel |
| nausea | may reflect gastric dysfunction |
| vomiting | neuromuscular and conscious impaired patients at risk for lung aspiration |
| older adult apetite | decline due to altered metabolism, decreased taste sensation, decreased mobility, possible depression |
| blood and mucoid stool | inflammatory bowel disease |
| clay colored, fatty stools | malabsorption syndromes |
| older adults fluid volume | risk for deficit; dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, higher fat to muscle ratio |
| older adults UTI | prone because of protective bacteria in the urinary tract declines with age |
| alcohol related disorders | gastritis, esophageal varices, pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis |
| exercise | promotes peristalsis and bowel movement |
| preparation for abdomen assessment | empty the bladder to eliminate bladder distention |
| purple discoloration | indicates bleeding in the abdomen wall |
| dilated veins | indicate cirrhosis of the liver, obstruction of inferior vena cava, ascites |
| spider angioma | dilated surface arterioles with central star |
| normal striae (stretch marks) | pink, blue |
| umbilicus | position, color (pink), midline at lateral line, contour (recessed, inverted, protruding) |
| aortic pulsation | slight pulsation of abdominal aorta, visible in epigastrium |
| bowel sounds | intermittent soft clicks, normal 5 - 35 |
| vascular sounds | bell of stethoscope, important to clients with hypertension, arterial insufficiency |
| not palpable | gallbladder, kidneys |
| childbearing women gastric motility | decreases lead to constipation, heartburn |
| older adult superficial capillaries | dilated, more visible in sunlight |
| ascites | significant abdominal swelling indicating fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity, pale taute skin, percussion dull over fluid, tympany over intestines |
| Cushing syndrome | dark bluish striae |
| keloids | excessive scar tissue, result from trauma or surgery |
| cullen's sign | bluish purple discoloration around umbilicus, indicates intra abdominal bleeding |
| grey turner sign | bluish or purple discoloration on the abdominal flanks |
| abdominal distention | everted umbilicus caused by fat, feces, fetus, fibroids, fluid |
| scaphoid | sunken abdomen (severe weightloss) |
| umbilical hernia | enlarged, everted umbilicus, bowel protruding |
| epigastric hernia | bowel protrudes through weakness in linea alba, bulge midline between the xiphoid process and umbilicus |
| diastasis recti | bowel protrudes through separation between two rectus abdominis muscles, appears when client raises head or coughs |
| incisional hernia | bowel protrudes through weakness resulting from surgical incision |
| fibroids | ovarian cysts or fibroid tumor appears as generalized distention in lower abdomen, displacing the bowel, percussion dull with tympany |
| abdominal distention below umbilicus | causes full bladder, uterine enlargement, ovarian cysts, impacted colon |
| flatus | abdomen distended with gas |
| hyperactive bowel | rapid mobility, heard in early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea or laxative use |
| borborygmus | growling |
| hypoactive bowel | diminished bowel activity caused by paralytic ileus, inflamed peritoneum, late bowel obstruction |
| increase bowel pitch | obstruction signifies intestinal distention |
| heptomegaly | enlarged liver, suggests congestive heart failure, acute hepatitis or abcess |
| higher liver than normal | abdominal mass, ascites, paralyzed diaphragm |
| lower liver than normal | emphysema, diaphragm is low |
| splenomegaly | enlarged spleen, dullness greater than 7 cm wide, progression down toward midline, caused by traumatic injury, portal hypertension, mononucleosis |
| involuntary reflux guarding | peritoneal irritation, rigid abdomen |
| aortic aneurysm | prominent, laterally pulsating mass above the umbilicus, wide, bounding pulse |
| enlarged kidney | due to cyst, tumor, hydronephrosis |
| enlarged gallbladder | suggests acute cholecytisis, Murphy sign |
| murphy sign | sharp pain that causes client to hold their breath, caused by inflamed gallbaldder, acute cholecytisis |
| peptic ulcers | open sores that form the lining of the esophagus, stomach or small intestine when acid eats away the mucus lining |
| peptic ulcer S&S | abdominal pain, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, black stool, committing (bloody) |
| gastric ulcer | stomach ulcer |
| GERD | stomach acid or contents flow back into esophagus, reflux irritates lining of esophagus |
| esophageal stricture | narrowing of esophagus |
| symptoms of GERD | hoarseness, laryngitis, dry cough, asthma, bad breath, earaches, chest pain |
| halitosis | bad breath |
| appendicitis | symptoms of RLQ, parietal pain, nausea, vomiting |
| psoas sign | pain in RLQ when leg is hyperextended caused by inflamed apendix |
| obturator sign | pain in RLQ when hip and knee are flexed and leg is rotated internally and externally |
| rovsing sign | pain in LLQ, caused by acute appendicitis |
| blumberg sign | abdominal pain when testing rebound tenderness between umbilicus and anterior iliac crest, caused by peritoneal irritation |
| assessing ascites | percuss flanks upward towards umbilicus |
| palpating spleen | lie on back, inhale and exhale |
| intestinal obstruction | high pitched bowel sounds |
| esophageal varices | client with alcoholism with cirrhosis |
| cirrhosis | jaundice, ascites, spider hemangiomas, dilated veins |
| abnormalities worsened with alcohol | pancreatitis, gastritis, cirrhosis |
| stomach functions | store, churn and digest |
| enlarged liver | heart failure |
| dyspepsia | chronic pain in upper abdomen |
Created by:
ahommel
Popular Nursing sets