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263 CH22
263 EXAM 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arteries | carry oxygenated blood from heart to capillaries, thick and strong |
| major arteries of arm | brachial, radial, ulnar |
| major arteries of leg | femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial |
| veins | carry deoxygenated blood, nutrient depleted blood from the tissues back to the heart |
| lower half of the body drains | upward via valves preventing backflow |
| deep veins | femoral and popliteal |
| superficial veins | small and great saphenous vein |
| perforator veins | connect superficial to deep |
| capillaries | help maintain equilibrium between vascular and interstitial fluid |
| lymphatic system | primary function to drain excess fluid and protein from bodily tissues and return to venous system, fights infection, absorbs fats from small intestine into bloodstream |
| lymph nodes | filter |
| lymphedema | swelling caused by a buildup of lymph fluid, caused by cancer treatments |
| edema | swelling on any part of the body |
| right cervical node drains | right lymphatic duct |
| arterial insufficiency | cold, pale, clammy skin, thin and shiny skin, hair loss |
| venous insufficiency | warm skin, edema, brown pigmentation |
| peripheral artery disease hallmark sign | intermittent claudication located in calves, aching in feet and toes while laying flat, cool skin, redness, increased infection |
| PVD symptoms | heaviness and aching of legs aggravated by standing or sitting, poor wound healing |
| varicose veins | hereditary, caused by increase venous pressure and venous pooling |
| venous ulcers | lower leg, medial ankle, superficial and pale |
| peripheral edema | obstruction of lymphatic flow or venous insufficiency, incompetent valves, decreased osmotic pressure |
| DVT risk factors | injury to veins (fracture/ surgery), bed rest, limited movement, increased estrogen, heart and lung cancer |
| leg and foot ulcers | reduce tissue perfusion and wound oxygenation |
| enlarged lymph nodes | systemic or local infection |
| oral contraceptive use | increases risk for thrombophlebitis, raynaud's, hypertension and edema |
| aspirin | inhibits platelet aggregation, increases blood flow |
| septic shock | capillary beds refill longer than 2 seconds |
| allen test | evaluates patency of radial and ulnar arteries, essential before arterial sampling |
| homan's test | used to detect blood clot in vessel |
| epitrochlear | lymphatics from ulnar surface drain, assessed is venous or arterial insufficiency is suspected, infections in arm seen |
| ankle brachial index | ratio of ankle systolic BP to arm systolic BP, 1 is normal |
| ABI 0.7 | borderline perfusion to extremity |
| ABI 0.9 | minor lower extremity arterial disease |
| ABI < .49 | critical, severe ischemia |
| trendelenburg test | competence of saphenous vein valves and retrograde (backward) filling of superficial veins |
| retrograde filling | rapid filling of superficial varicose veins from above after tourniquet is removed |
| doppler | rebounding ultrasound waves produce a whooshing sound when echoing from an artery and non pulsating from a vein |
| older adult peripheral vascular system | may not experience coldness, color change, numbness, abnormal sensations, lymphatic tissue lost due to less lymph nodes, |
| arteriosclerosis | calcification of arteries causes them to become more rigid |
| dependent edema | results from sodium and water retention, constant voiding |
| venous assessment of lower extremities | inspection and palpation |
| arterial insufficiency pain | intermittent claudication to sharp, unrelenting, constant, diminished or absent pulses |
| arterial ulcer characteristics | tips of toes, heels, pressure areas, very painful, deep often involving joint space, circular, pale black to dry and gangrene |
| venous insufficiency pain | aching and cramping |
| venous insufficiency skin | pigmentation in medial and lateral malleolus, hyper-pigmented lower limbs, thick and tough, reddish blue color, dermatitis |
| venous ulcer characteristics | superficial depth, irregular border, base granulation tissue, beefy red to yellow in chronic ulcer, leg edema moderate to severe |
| peripheral artery disease | hardening of the arteries |
| atherosclerosis | arteries become narrowed or blocked when plaque gradually forms on artery walls (reduced blood flow) |
| peripheral artery disease untreated | increase risk of heart attack, stroke, amputation |
| intermittent claudication | painful cramping in calves due to restricted blood flow close to area of arterial occlusion |
| severe sepsis | weak pulse |
| ischemic rest pain | pain occurs at rest |
| 2mm edema | +1 |
| 4mm edema | +2 |
| 6mm edema | +3, one extremity is larger than the other |
| 8mm | +4, severe gross edema |
| raynaud disease | vasospasm or vasoconstriction of fingers and toes, pallor, cyanosis and redness, swelling pain tingling numbness throbbing coldness |
| superficial thrombophlebitis | results from thrombus formation in superficial veins, unilateral pain, achiness, edema, redness, warm |
| homan's sign | positive for tenderness/ pain in calf muscles when flexing knee, aching cramping while dorsiflexed foot |
| aortic aneurysm | weakening of the aortic wall, failure of elastin and collagen |
| enlarged epitrochlear nodes | infection in arm/ fingers |
| veins contain blood volume | 70% |
Created by:
ahommel
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