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Bio ch-4
Tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Tissue | group of cells similar in structure performing a common function. |
| What are the four primary tissue types? | Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue |
| What is the function of epithelial tissue? | protection |
| What is the function of connective tissue | support |
| What is the function of muscle tissue | movement |
| what is the fuction of nervous tissue | control |
| Epi means | on top of |
| Epithelial tissue is the covering and lining of | skin, open cavities, blood vessels, hart walls and organs |
| What is the function of Glandular epithelial tissue? | makes up glands of body |
| What is the function of a gland | secretion |
| What are the 6 characteristics that make up epithelial tissue? | Cellularity, specialized contacts, polarity, avascularity, basement membrane, regeneration |
| Cellularity means | cells are close together no matrix |
| define specialized contacts | cells form coninous sheets |
| define epithelial polarity | one apical surface exposed to body exterior |
| define avasularity | possess no blood vesicles |
| define basement membrane | what epithelial rest on |
| basement membrane is also known as | basal lamina |
| Why do epithelial cells have a high regeneration capacity | fraction, acids bacteria, trauma |
| The Basal lamini is made up of | non living adhesive material (glycoproteins and reticular lamina made of collagen fibers. |
| What are the 3 common types of epithelial tissue? | squamous, cuboidal, columnar |
| In what 2 ways are epithelial tissue arranged? | Simple, and stratified |
| Define Simple epithelium | single layer of cells |
| Define Stratified epithelium | mulily layers stacked on top of one another |
| simple squamous epithelum is found in | capillary walls, kidney, lungs |
| mesothelium | lines ventral body cavity and covering of its organs |
| simple cuboidal epithelium can be found in | kidney tubules |
| what is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium | function in secretion and absorption |
| what is the function of simple columar epithelium | absorption and secretion |
| where are simple columanar epithelium found? | found of surface from stomach to rectum |
| simple columanar epithelium possess... | dense microvilli and goblet cells |
| microvilli are helpful in | absorption |
| the function of goblet cells are | for secretion of mucus |
| simple ciliated columnar epithelumor found on the surface of | ovducts, and respiratory tract |
| Define Psedostratifed columnar epithelium | all celss rest on basement membrane but are not the same size false layering appears |
| pseudostratifed columnar ciliated epithelum contains? | cilia and gobblet cells |
| pseudostratifed columnar ciliated epithelum is found in | respiratory tract |
| describe stratified squamous epitheluim | flat and atrophied |
| the upper layer of stratifed squamous epithelium are composed of _____ cells and the lower layer are composed of _____ cells | upper squamous, lower cuboidal |
| stratifed sqamous epithelium is karatinzed and makes up the _____ | epidermus |
| how many layers does stratified cuboidal epithelium have | 2 |
| where is stratifed cuboidal epithelim found? | ducts and sweat glands |
| the very rare stratifed columan epithelium is found in | sphinctor, anolrectal junction, urethra, and inside eye lid |
| Transitional epitheluim are composed of layers of ____ cells? | cuboidal or coumnar |
| Where is is transitional epithelium found? | urinary bladder and ureters |
| transitional epithelium is subjected to tremendous amounts of | stretching |
| The two forms of covering or lining epithelia are? | endothelium and epithelial membranes |
| define endothelium | single layer of squamous cells attached to a basement membrane |
| endothelium lines the .... | lymphatic, blood vessels, heart and capillaries |
| define epithelial membranes | continous multicellualr sheet made of at least 2 tissue types |
| eptithelial membranes may also be considered | simple organs |
| mucous membranes secrete | mucus (mucosae) |
| mucous membranes line body cavities that are | open to the exterior |
| mucous membranes are all considered | wet or mosit |
| common mucous membranes are found in | digestive tract, respiratry sys, and urogenital |
| majority of mucasae are composed of what type of cell | stratifed squamous or simple columanr |
| all mucosea consist of a _____ | epthelial sheet attached to a laminia propria |
| define limana propria | losse connective tissue attached to the basement membrane or smooth muscle layer |
| define cutaneous membrane | skin |
| what are the 2 layers of cutaneous membrane | epidermis, dermis |
| difine epidermis | karatinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| define dermis | connective tissue layer |
| define serous membrane | moist membrane found in closed body cavities |
| what are the 3 layers of serous membranes | parietal layer, visceral layer, serous fluid |
| the parietal layer membrane lines the | cavity wall |
| the visceral layer serous membrane line the | organ |
| the serous fluid is secreted in order to lubricate the | parietal and visceral membrane layers |
| pleura line the | lungs |
| peritoneum lines the | abdomino pelvic cavity |
| Define gland | one or more cells taht secrete a particular product |
| define secretion | water based fluid containing proteins |
| define endocrine glands | ductless glands that produce regulartory chemicalls called hormones |
| hormones are distributed by | blood or lymph fluid |
| define exocrine glands | secrete products via a duct onto body surface or cavity |
| examples of exocrine glands include | seat, oil glands and saliva |
| The pancreas is an example of what type of gland? | both endocrine and exocrine |
| define unicellular exocrine glands | single cells interposed between cells with other functions |
| unicellular glands produce | mucin |
| define mucin | complex water soluble glycoprteins |
| unicellular exocrine glands are found in | goblet cells of intestinal and respiratory murcosa |
| multicellular exocrine glands are made up of | epithelia derived duct, secretary unit, supportive connective tissue |
| the supportive connective tissue of multicellular exocrine glands | surrounds secretory unit and supplies blood and nerves |
| define simple gland | single unbranched duct |
| define compound glands | has branching or divided duct |
| tubular secretory cells form | tubes |
| alveolar secretary cells form | flank like sac |
| tubuloalveolar are composed of what type of structure? | both sac like and tube like structure |
| more that three branches is considered | compound |
| merocrine glands secrete via | exocytosis as soon as product is produced |
| in merocrine glands secretory cells are not | altered |
| merocrine glands include | pancreas, sweat and salivary |
| define holocrine glands | accumulate product unitl secretory cells rupture |
| one true example of holocrine gland is | subaceous glands |
| define apocrine gland | acculates products at the apex of cells and pinches off to release secretion |
| an example of apocrine glands is the | mamaray gland |
| what is the main function of connective tissue | support protect, insulate, binding and transportation |
| What are the 3 common properties of connective tissue? | common origin, vascularity, matrix |
| all connective tissue arose from the | mesenchmye (embryonic tissue derived from mesoderm) |
| define mesenchyme | (embryonic tissue derived from mesoderm) |
| vascular tissue includes | muscle, nerves and cartilage |
| The tissue matrix is helpful to connetive tissue because | it supportes cells to withstand tension weight or abrasion |
| Connective tissue structure is composed of | ground substance, fibers, cells |
| define ground substance | amorphous material that fills space between cells and contours fibers |
| ground substance is made up of | intersitial fluid, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycons |
| define glycosaminioglycon | polysacharide hydriated gel |
| an example of glycosaminioglycon is | hyaluronic acid |
| what is the most import structure in connective tissue? | collegen |
| what are the 3 forms of connective fibers? | collegen, elastin, reticular fibers |
| define collagen | very tough, has high tinsil strength |
| define white fibers | fresh cartilage apears white |
| define elastin | randomly coiled fibers which gives connective tissue its elasticity |
| define yellow fibers | fresh elastin apears yellow |
| define reticular fibers | fine collegen that branch to form a network |
| another name for network is | reticulum |
| an example of a reticulum is | blood vessels |
| Each class of cell pssesses a fumdamental | cell type |
| what are the 4 fundemental cell types? | fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast, hemocytoblast |
| define fibroblast | connective tissue proper |
| define chondroblast | cartilage |
| define osteoblast | bone |
| define heocytoblast | blood |
| less active mature cells posses the ending suffix | cyte |
| What are the four types of connective tissues? | embryonic connective tissue, areolar connective tissue, adipose, and reticular dense reg/irreg. elastic and cartilage |
| define embryonic connective tissue | mucus connective tissue that was first formed from mesoderm |
| Connective tissue is either ____ or ____ | loose or dense |
| loose connective tissue includes | areolar, adipose, and retuicular |
| dense connective tissue includes | dense regular, irregular, and elastic |
| areolar tissue consists mainly of | hylluronic acid and fibers |
| fibroblasts are also called | fat cells |
| mast cells contain the anti coagulent | heprin |
| histamine is released during | inflamation |
| edema | extracellular fluid accumules in excess and tissue swells |
| areolar connective tissue is know as the most | widely distributed connective tissue in the body. |
| adipose tissue is also known as | fat tissue |
| define adipose tissue | areolar tissue in which fat cells acculumlate in large numbers |
| adipoctyes | fat cells |
| adipose cells vary in size b/c | they take up or loose fat |
| adipose fat tissue is highly | vascularized |
| The primary function of adipose tissie is to | store nutrients for the body and also to acts as insulation |
| define reticular connective tissue | interwoven network of reticular cells |
| reticular connective tissue forms a | stroma |
| define stroma | internal supporting network |
| Reticular connective tissue is found in | lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow and liver |
| Define dense regular connective tissue | tissue contains dense regularly arranged collagen fibers running in the same direction |
| Dense Regular tissue is _____ in shape | wavy |
| Dense regular fibers have a high tensile strength but | stretch to a certain point |
| define tendson | attach muscle to bone |
| aponeuroses | flat sheet like tendons witch attache muscle to muscle or bone |
| ligaments | attach bone to bone at joints |
| 3 primary forms of dense regular connective tissue are | tendons, aponeuroses, ligaments |
| dense irregular connective tissue exists ____ in the body | everwhere there is a joint |
| define dense irregular connective tissue | tissue contains interwoven irregular collage fibers which run in more than one direction |
| dense irregular tissue is found in areas of the body where | tension is excerted in many directions |
| examples of dense irregular connective tissue include | dermis, fiberous capsules of the testes, and lymph nodes |
| define fascial | white sheets surrounding muscle |
| fascial connective tissue is involved in | shin splints |
| define elastic connective tissue | tissue composed almost enterily of elastin |
| example of elastic connective tissue includes | vocal cords, ligamenta flava |
| ligamenta flava | connects adjacent vertebrea |
| elastic connective tissue is considered | the most elastic of any other fibers |
| define cartilage | is avascular and devoid of nerve fibers |
| In cartilage, chondroblasts produce | cell matrix |
| chondrocytes | mature condroblasts, single or small groups in cativites. |
| perichondrium | vasulized dense irregular connective tissue surrounding cartilage |
| cartilage heals | very slowly if at all |
| the 3 types of cartilage are | hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage |
| define hyaline cartilage | matrix appears shapeless and glossy white and contains collegen |
| hyaline cartilage is teh most | widely distributed |
| hyaline cartilage can be found where in the body? | end of bones, tip of nose, ribs, sternum trachea and bronchus |
| define epiplygeal plates | found at the end of bones, (growth regions) |
| fibrocartilage is composed of | coarse collagen fibers which give the matrix a grainy furrowed appearance |
| examples of fibrocartilage include | intevertebral siscs, knee caritlage |
| the primary function of fibrocartilage is to | resist tension |
| describe elasti cartilage | resembles hyaline cartilage but conts elastin |
| elastic cartilage is what color? | yellow |
| elastic cartilage can be found on the | external ear, epigolottis |
| Describe bone/osseous tissue | matrix of bone is simlar to carbilage hat harder and more rigid |
| ocseous tissue contains more _____ than any thoter tissue | cartilage, and calcium phoshate |
| osteoblasts produce | organic part of marix |
| ostoecytes (lucunae of matrix) | matrix bone cells live in |
| unlike cartilage bone is highly | vascular |
Created by:
Renee Fazio
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