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Bio Ch.2

QuestionAnswer
smallest basic unit of matter atom
a substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means element
substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio compound
atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons ion
chemical bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions. ionic bond
chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. covalent bond
two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds; not necessarily a compound. molecule
attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom. hydrogen bond
attraction between molecules of the same substance. cohesion
the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other adhesion
a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances uniformly dispersed soloution
In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves. solvent
in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent solute
Any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acid turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts acid
any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts base
measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution pH
molecular subunit of a polymer monomer
a large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers, or small units polymer
a class of molecules that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen carbohydrate
a fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties; examples include oils, waxes, and steroids lipid
hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid fatty acids
An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells protein
a compound of a class of simple organic compounds that contain carboxyl group and an amino group and that combine to form proteins amino acids
an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information nucleic acid
process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds chemical reaction
a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction reactant
A substance that forms in a chemical reaction product
amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms bond energy
in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout space equilibrium
the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction activation
chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat exothermic
chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy endothermic
substances that decrease activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction catalyst
a molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions enzyme
a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes substrate
Created by: kglendon
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