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Biology Chapter 1-3

Test 1 chapters 1-3 spring 2010

QuestionAnswer
Science A means of coming to understand the natural world through observation and the testing of hypotheses. Also, a collection of insights about nature, the evidence for which is an array of facts.
Role of Science in Everyday Life To explain the world around us and natural occurances.
Hypothesis A tentative testable explanation for an observed phenomenon.
Scientific Method Enables us to answer questions by testing hypotheses.
Theory A general set of principles, supported by evidence, that explains some aspect of nature.
Experimentation Where you test your hypotheses.
Variables An element of an experiment that is changed compared to an initial condition.
Observation To watch the events of an experiment unfold and to unfold the results.
Homeostasis The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment in living things.
Characteristics of Living Things Respiration and to procreate.
Protons A basic constituent of an atom, found in the nucleus of the atom and having positive electrical charge. Elements are defined by the number of protons in their nucleus.
Neutrons Possessing no electrical charge and found in the atom's nucleus. Isotopes are defined by the number of neutrons in an atom.
Electrons Negative electrical charge. Distributed in an atom at a distance from the nucleus. Electrons interact to form chemical bonds between atoms.
Complexity of Life (Simplest -> Complex) Atom -> Molecule -> Organelle -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System -> Organism -> Population -> Community -> Ecosystem -> Biosphere
Atomic Number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This is the number in which they are in the periodic table.
Mass vs. Weight Mass - measure of the quantity of matter in an object. Weight - How heavy or light an object is.
Covalent Bonds A type of chemical bond in which 2 atoms are linked through a sharing of electrons.
Ionic Bonds A linkage in which two or more ions are bonded to each other by virtue of their opposite charge.
Polar Bonds Type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms, so that one end of the molecule have a slight negative charge and the other end a slight positive charge.
Non-Polar Bonds A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between atoms.
Hydrogen Bonds A chemical bond that links an already covalently bonded hydrogen atom with a second, relatively electronegative atom.
Solute The substance being dissolved by a solvent to form a solution. For example, sugar is the solute in the sugar-water nectar you put in your hummingbird feeder.
Solvent The substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution. In an aqueous solution, the solvent is water.
Carbohydrate An organic molecule that always contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, and that , in many instances, contains nothing but carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Carbohydrates usually contain exactly twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms. The building bloc
Lipid A member of a class of biological molecules whose defining characteristic is their relative insolubility in water. Examples include triglycerides, cholesterol, steroids, and phospholipids.
Protein A large polymer of amino acids, composed of one or more polypeptide chains. Proteins come in many forms, including enzymes, structural proteins, and hormones.
Monomers A small molecule that can be combined with other similar or identical molecules to make a larger polymer.
Polymers A large molecule made up of many similar or identical subunits, called monomers.
Hydrophilic The property, possessed by some compounds, of being able to form chemical bonds with water molecules. Table salt (NaCl) is hydrophilic and thus will readily dissolve in water.
Hydrophobic The property, possessed by some compounds, of being unable to form chemical bonds with water molecules. Oil is hydrophobic and thus will not readily dissolve in water.
Protein A large polymer of amino acids, composed of one or more polypeptide chains. Proteins come in many forms, including enzymes, structural proteins, and hormones.
Created by: klarsen
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