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bio test 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| elevation of Mt. Everest | 8,800- 8,900 |
| reason for being called death zone | insufficient oxygen, unsurvivable for more than 48hours |
| flight path of bar-headed geese | between India and Mongolia, fly over the Himalayas rather than around like other birds |
| function of mammal respiratory system | inhalation: bringing air into lungs |
| steps of mammalian respiration | 1. O2 diffuses to red blood cells where it binds to Hb 2. O2 released from Hb and diffuses into cells 4. O2 used in cellular resperation which diffuses CO2 to blood 5. blood transports CO2 and RBC without O2 into lungs: exhalation |
| gas exchange | movement of O2 from air into blood and CO2 from blood to air |
| tidal volume | amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs per breath when breathing normally |
| vital capacity | amount of air moving in and out of lungs when exercising vigorously |
| alveoli | parts of the lungs across which gases are exchanged |
| ventilation | movement of air between the outside world and the gas exchange surface |
| how does our respiratory system facilitate gas exchange | alveoli allows close contact of blood and air, diffusion moves O2 and CO2, O2 binds to red blood cells |
| residual lung volumes | amount of air left in lungs after exhaling keeping the PO2 higher in the lungs |
| types of amino acids | hydrophobic/hydrophilic, polar: one end of R group more -, basic/acidic: strongly polar(- or +) bond on outside |
| primary structure | sequence of amino acids |
| secondary structure | folding or twisting caused by interactions between nearby amino acids |
| tertiary structure | interactions between R groups fold into 3D shape |
| quaternary structure | interactions between separate polypeptide chains |
| if Hb has a high affinity for O2 | it will pick up O2 easily but not release easily |
| if Hb has a low affinity for O2 it means that | it will release O2 easily but not pickup easily |
| what is an advantage of the sigmoidal shape | PO2 can fluctuate while still maintaining high levels of O2 in hemoglobin |
| how does the sigmoidal shape partially solve the transportation problem | affinity switches back and fourth allowing O2 to easily bind and release. |
| affinity for O2 in lungs vs body | higher in lungs CO2 higher in body |
| what factors lower affinity | rise in Temp, 23BPG, PCO2 and decrease in pH |
| what kind of shift is lower affinity | right shift |
| permian period | dry and hot= increase in CO2 |
Created by:
mrmhky
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