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Sociology-Ch. 8-10
Hansen's sociology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sex | classification of people are male or female based on biological characteristics |
| Biological Determinism | the principle that behavioral differences are the result of inherited physical characteristics |
| Gender Identity | a sense of being male or female based on learned cultural values |
| Gender Socialization | the social process of learning how to act like a particular gender |
| Sexism | a set of beliefs, attitudes, and norms, and values used to justify sexual inequality |
| Occupational Sex Segregation | the concentration of women in lower-status positions |
| Age Stratification | the unequal distribution of scarce resources based on age |
| Ageism | a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify age-based prejudice and discrimination |
| Interest Group | a group organized to influence political decision making |
| Minority | a group of people who, because of physical or cultural traits, are different from the dominant group in society and treated unequally |
| Race | people sharing certain characteristics that are considered to be important in a society |
| Ethinc Minority | group identified by cultural, national, or religious characteristics |
| Assimilation | the blending or fusing of a minority group with the dominant society |
| Cultural Pluralism | the desire of a group to maintain some sense of identity separate from the dominant group |
| Subjugation | the process by which a minority group is denied equal access to the benefits of a society |
| De Jure Segregation | the denial of equal access based in the law |
| De Facto Segregation | the denial of equal access based on common prejudice |
| Genocide | the systematic effort to destroy an entire population |
| Prejudice | deeply held negative attitudes toward a group (minority or major) and its individual members |
| Racism | an extreme form of prejudice that assumes superiority of one racial group over another. |
| Stereotyping | a labeling of a group based on distorted, exaggerated, or oversimplified images of that group |
| Hate Crime | a criminal act motivated by extreme prejudice |
| Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | an expectation that leads to behavior that causes the expectation to become reality. |
| Institutionalized Discrimination | unfair practices that grow out of common behaviors and attitiudes and that are a part of the structure of a society. |
| Hidden Unemployment | unemployment that includes people not counted in the traditional unemployment rate. |
| Underclass | people typically unemployed, who come from families that have been poor for generations |
| Social Stratification | the ranking of people or groups according to their unequal access to scarce resources |
| Social Class | a part of society whose members have similar economic circumstances, norms, and status |
| Bourgeoisie | the class that owns the means of production |
| Proletariat | the class that labors without owning the means of production |
| Wealth | total economic resources held by a person or group |
| Power | the ability to control the behavior of others |
| Prestige | recognition, respect, and admiration attached to social positions. |
| False Consciousness | Karl Marx’s idea of working class acceptance of capitalist ideas and values. |
| Class Consciousness | identification with the goals and interests of a social class |
| Working Poor | people in low-skill jobs and with the lowest pay who do not earn enough to rise out of poverty |
| Underclass | typically unemployed people who come from families that have been poor for generations |
| Absolute Poverty | the lack of the resources that are needed to secure life’s necessities |
| Relative Poverty | a measure of poverty based on the economic disparity between those at the bottom of society and the rest of the society |
| Feminization of Poverty | a trend in the US society in which women and children make up a large amount of the poor populations |
| Social Mobility | the movement of individuals or groups between social classes |
| Horizontal Mobility | a change of occupation but in the same social class |
| Vertical Mobility | a change upward or downward in occupation status or social class |
| Intergenerational Mobility | a change in status or class from one generation to the next |
| Caste System | a stratification structure that does not allow for social mobility |
| Open-Class System | a system in which social class is based on merit and individual effort |
Created by:
AmberQuill
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