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Chapter 8 bio vocab

QuestionAnswer
chromosomes rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins
Histones help maintain the shape of the chromosome and aid in the tight packing of DNA
chromatid each half of the chromosome
centromere two chromatids of a chromosome are attatched ata point called a centromere the centromere holds the 2 chromatids together until they separate during cell division
chromatin the less tightly coild DNA-protein complex is called chromatin
sex chromosomes chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism, and they may also carry genes for other characteristics
autosomes all of the other chromosomes in an organism
homologous chromosomes two copies of each autosome homologous chromosomes are the same size and shape and carry genes for the same traits
karyotype a photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human
diploid cells having two sets of chromosomes have two autosomes for each homologous pair
haploid cells sperm cells and egg cells contain only one set of chromosomes have half the number of chromosomes that are present in diploid cells
binary fission division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells
mitosis first type of cell division results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell occurs during the formation of gametes reduces the chromosome number by half in new cells
gametes haploid reproductive cells
interphase time between cells divisions divided into three phases, and cell division is divided into 2 phases
cytokinesis division of the cells cytoplasm
prophase first phase of mitosis
spindle fibers made of microtubles
metaphase second phase of mitosis during metaphase, chromosomes are easier to identify by usinig a microscope than during other phases
anaphase the chromatids of each chromosome separate at the centeromere and slowly move, centromere first, toward opposite poles of the diving cell
cell plate in plant cells vesicles from the golgi apparatus join together at the midline of the dividing cell to form a cell plate
Created by: kenkela
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