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Psych Unit 2
Biological Bases of Behavior, Module 9 + 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Body | the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus; a cell's life-support center |
| Dendrites | a neuron's often bushy, branching extensions that receive and integrate messages, conducting impulses toward the cell body |
| Axon | the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands |
| Myelin Sheath | a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neuron; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next |
| Glial Cells (Glia) | cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; they also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory |
| Action Potential | a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon |
| Threshold | the level of stimulation required to fire a neural impulse |
| Refractory Period | in neural processing, a brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired; subsequent action potentials cannot occur until the axon returns to its resting state |
| All-or-None Response | a neuron's reaction or either firing or not firing |
| Synapse | the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of a receiving neuron |
| Synaptic Gap | the gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the next receiving neuron |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messages that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by a sending neuron, they travel across the synapse and bind to the receptor sites of the receiving neuron |
| Reuptake | a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron |
| Acetylcholine | enables muscle action, learning, memory |
| Dopamine | influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion |
| Serotonin | affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal |
| Norepinephrine | helps control alertness and arousal |
| GABA | a major inhibitory neurotransmitter |
| Glutamate | a major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory |
| Endorphins | neurotransmitters that influence the perception of pain and pleasure |
| Agonist | a molecule that increases a neurotransmitters's actions |
| Antagonist | a molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's actions |
| Central Nervous System | the brain and the spinal cord; the body's decision maker |
| Peripheral Nervous System | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body; gather information and transporting CNS decisions |
| Sensory (afferent) Neurons | neurons that can carry incoming information from the body's tissues and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord |
| Motor (efferent) Neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and the spina cord to the muscles and glands |
| Interneurons | neurons within the brain and spinal cord; they communicate internally and process information between the sensory inputs and the motor outputs |
| Somatic Nervous System | the division of the PNS that controls the body skeletal muscles |
| Autonomic Nervous System | the part of the PNS that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | the part of the ANS that arouses the body and mobilizes energy |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | the part of the ANS that calms the body, conserving its energyRe |
| Neuron Resting State | -70 millivolts |
Created by:
MadisonFoleyReis
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