Biological Bases of Behavior, Module 9 + 10
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Cell Body | the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus; a cell's life-support center
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| Dendrites | a neuron's often bushy, branching extensions that receive and integrate messages, conducting impulses toward the cell body
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| Axon | the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands
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| Myelin Sheath | a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neuron; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next
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| Glial Cells (Glia) | cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; they also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory
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| Action Potential | a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon
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| Threshold | the level of stimulation required to fire a neural impulse
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| Refractory Period | in neural processing, a brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired; subsequent action potentials cannot occur until the axon returns to its resting state
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| All-or-None Response | a neuron's reaction or either firing or not firing
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| Synapse | the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of a receiving neuron
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| Synaptic Gap | the gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the next receiving neuron
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| Neurotransmitters | chemical messages that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by a sending neuron, they travel across the synapse and bind to the receptor sites of the receiving neuron
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| Reuptake | a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron
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| Acetylcholine | enables muscle action, learning, memory
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| Dopamine | influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
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| Serotonin | affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
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| Norepinephrine | helps control alertness and arousal
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| GABA | a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
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| Glutamate | a major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
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| Endorphins | neurotransmitters that influence the perception of pain and pleasure
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| Agonist | a molecule that increases a neurotransmitters's actions
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| Antagonist | a molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's actions
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| Central Nervous System | the brain and the spinal cord; the body's decision maker
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| Peripheral Nervous System | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body; gather information and transporting CNS decisions
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| Sensory (afferent) Neurons | neurons that can carry incoming information from the body's tissues and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
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| Motor (efferent) Neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and the spina cord to the muscles and glands
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| Interneurons | neurons within the brain and spinal cord; they communicate internally and process information between the sensory inputs and the motor outputs
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| Somatic Nervous System | the division of the PNS that controls the body skeletal muscles
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| Autonomic Nervous System | the part of the PNS that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs
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| Sympathetic Nervous System | the part of the ANS that arouses the body and mobilizes energy
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System | the part of the ANS that calms the body, conserving its energyRe
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| Neuron Resting State | -70 millivolts
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Created by:
MadisonFoleyReis
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