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Unit 2 Section 1
Basics of Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | Smallest Basic Unit of Matter |
| Element | Substance made of only one type of atom. |
| Compound | Substance made of atoms of different types of elements. |
| Ion | Atom that has gained or lost electrons. |
| Ionic Bond | Chemical bond formed between two oppositely charged atoms. |
| Covalent Bond | Chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more electrons. |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond. Not always a compound. |
| Hydrogen Bond | Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative charged atom. |
| Cohesion | Attraction between the same molecules of a substance. Ex. water is attracted to itself. |
| Adhesion | Attraction between molecules of different substances. Ex water attracted to a leaf. |
| Solution | Mixture that is consistent throughout. Example a glass of sweet tea. |
| Solvent | Substance in which solutes dissolve. Example in Sweet Tea this is the water. |
| Solute | Substance that dissolves in a solvent. Example in Sweet Tea this is the tea bag and sugar. |
| Acid | Compound that gives up a proton. |
| Base | Compound that takes protons (H+) when dissolved in a solution. |
| pH | Measurement of how acidic a solution is. |
| Monomer | A subunit or the basic unit of a polymer. |
| Polymer | Large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers. |
| Carbohydrate | macromolecule of life that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Usually known as sugars. Built up from sugars or saccharides. |
| Lipid | Nonpolar molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are referred to as fats and oils. Built from glycerol and fatty acids. |
| Fatty Acid | A carbon chain with a lot of hydrogens usually found in lipids. |
| Protein | Polymer made up of amino acids linked by special bonds known as peptide bonds. Built from amino acids. |
| Amino Acid | Molecule that makes up proteins. |
| Nucleic Acid | A polymer of nucleotides and is the genetic materials for organisms. Built from nucleotides. |
| Chemical Reaction | Process of making changes in reactions by making or breaking bonds. |
| Reactant | Substance that is changed by a chemical reaction. Usually on the left side of a chemical equation. |
| Product | Substance formed by a chemical reaction. Usually on the right side of a chemical equation. |
| Bond Energy | Amount of energy needed to make or break a bond. |
| Equilibrium | Condition where the reactants and products in a chemical equation are making products and reactants at the same rate. Can also refer to diffusion were a solute is moving back and forth at equal rates. |
| Activation Energy | The lowest amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. |
| Exothermic | Chemical reaction that releases heat or energy. |
| Endothermic | Chemical reaction that requires heat or energy. |
| Catalyst | Substance that decreases the activation energy. |
| Enzyme | A special protein that speeds up chemical reactions. |
| Substrate | Reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts. |
| Polar Molecules | A molecule who has a partial negative charge on one side and a partial positive charge on the opposite side. Example Water where the Oxygen is partially negative and the Hydrogen is partially positive. |
| Specific Heat | The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance. Can also be looked at how much a substance can resist temperature change. |
| Biochemistry | The study of chemistry that strictly applies to biology. |
| Biological Macromolecules | Large molecules required for life. They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. |
| Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Reaction) | A special chemical reaction where water is removed from molecules to form a bond. |
| Hydrolysis Reaction | A special chemical reaction where water is added to break a part bonds. |
| Monosaccharide | One sugar. Also known as a simple carbohydrate. |
| Phospholipid | Molecule that is made up of a glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids. It looks like it has a polar head and nonpolar tails. Commonly found in the cell membrane and is a type of lipid. |
| Polysaccharide | A large carbohydrate that contains more than two sugar molecules. |
| Triglyceride | A type of fat or lipid that contains a glycerol backbone and three fatty acid chains. |
| Peptide Bond | A type of chemical bond found between amino acids when forming a protein. |
| Active Site | The location on an enzyme that binds to a specific molecule. |
| Matter | Everything on Earth is made up of this. |
Created by:
nrnaugle
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