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Vocabulary 2

TermDefinition
delta A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake.
empirical research Research based on firsthand experience of observed & measured phenomena
Igneous rock Ignis-Latin for fire Created from the melting of rock to form magma or lava, which then cools.
intrusive rock Created when magma (molten rock) is cooled inside Earth’s crust and therefore contains larger grains and/or crystals due to a longer cooling process.
weathering The breaking down of rock via wind, water, ice or chemical reactions- leads to the formation of sediment.
dependent variable The variable in a controlled experiment that the scientist is measuring or taking data on. Sometimes called the outcome or responding variable.
deposition The process of sediment being laid down in new locations. Leads to the formation of deltas and sand dunes.
theory A scientific theory explains WHY something happens – evidence based explanation. Ex: Big Bang Theory
repeat To do again. In science, an experiment should be repeated three to five trials to verify findings.
cementation Process by which sediment is hardened and welded together to form sedimentary rock.
composition The material an object is made of. Base word: compose
erosion The movement of sediment via wind, water or ice.
sedimentary rock Created by the deposit of sediment in layers over long periods of time. Fossils are typically found in these types of rocks since they form in layers.
field study A scientific study of free-living plants or animals in which the subjects are observed in their natural habitat without interference. Sometimes called an observational study. Ex: When do birds migrate from our local park?
control The control in an experiment is the group that is left NORMAL in order to provide a baseline. CONTROL freaks keep 1 group NORMAL!
geology Geo=Earth/Rock The study of Rocks- Earth’s surface, interior, rock cycle, etc.
metamorphic rock Created when existing rock is put under extreme heat and pressure.
systematic observation A form of observation used to either support or disprove a hypothesis. The skill of recognizing and noting phenomena. Involves measurement/collection of data. Ex: How do weather patterns change in the Pacific Ocean throughout the year?
extrusive rock Created when lava (molten rock) is cooled outside Earth’s crust and therefore contains smaller grains and/or crystals due to faster cooling.
constant Constants are the aspects of an experiment that STAY the SAME in order to make sure that the results are fair and valid
compaction Process by which sediment is squeezed together due to pressure from additional layers above.
law A scientific law describes What happens but doesn’t explain. Ex: The Law of Gravitation
independent variable The variable in a controlled experiment that the scientist intentionally changes- also called the manipulated or test variable.
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