Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Ch. 3
Chemistry of Life
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| element | a pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
| atom | smallest particle of an element |
| nucleus | control center of the cell that contains protons & neutrons & the cell's DNA |
| proton | positively charged particle |
| neutron | neutrally charged particle (no charge) |
| electron | negatively charged particle |
| atomic number | number of protons in an atom's nucleus |
| isotopes | 2 or more forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| atomic mass number | sum of protons & neutrons in an isotope |
| covalent bond | the sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms |
| molecule | atom linked by bonds |
| organic molecule | molecules that contain at least 1 carbon atom |
| organic compounds | multiple molecules bound together |
| tolerance | when a person no longer responds to a drug in the same way & must take a larger dose to achieve the same responses |
| withdrawal | the experience of physical or psychological symptoms when a person stops taking an addictive drug |
| addiction | drug use that remains compulsive despite negative consequences |
| chemical compound | molecules that contain atoms from at least 2 different elements |
| how many other atoms can each of the big 4 elements bond with | hydrogen holds 1 oxygen holds 2 nitrogen holds 3 carbon holds 4 |
| chemical reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| reactant | a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction |
| product | a substance produced in a chemical reaction |
| amino acid | monomer of protein |
| polar molecule | when covalently bonded atoms in a molecule share electrons unequally |
| chemical bond | attach atoms together |
| ion | atoms that have lost or gained valence electrons |
| non-polar covalent bond | electron pairs are shared equally, so charge is evenly distributed |
| ionic bond | formed when the charges of positive & negative ions hold the atoms together |
| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom |
| soluble | capable of being dissolved |
| solution | a combo of a solute & a solvent |
| solute | a dissolved substance |
| solvent | the fluid into which the solute dissolves |
| hydrophilic | substance that dissolves in water |
| hydrophobic | substances that do not dissolve well in water |
| evaporation | liquid to gas |
| condensation | gas to liquid |
| acid | lose hydrogen ions (H+) in a water-based solution |
| base | accepts free Hydrogen ions (H+) from a water-based solution |
| pH scale | represents the concentration of free Hydrogen ions (H+) |
| pH scale 1-6 | acidic |
| pH scale 7 | neutral |
| pH scale 8-14 | basic |
| biomolecule | large organic molecules |
| polymer | long strands of repeating units of small molecules called monomers |
| monomer | small chemical unit that makes up a polymer |
| protein | made of different combos of the 20 amino acid monomers |
| functions of proteins | enzymatic proteins, structural proteins, hormone & receptor proteins, membrane transport proteins, antibodies, & storage proteins |
| carbohydrate | made of sugar monomers, formed through covalent bonds |
| monosaccharide | 1 monomer, "simple sugar" |
| diasaccharide | 2 monomers |
| polysaccharide | up to thousands of monomers |
| functions of carbohydrates | simple sugars are cell's direct fuel to make ATP, energy storage, & structural support |
| nucleic acids | store & transmit genetic information |
| DNA | stores genetic information in 2 chains of nucleotides which make double helix |
| DNA's nucleotides | Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine |
| RNA | provides a readable genetic language & enables genes to be expressed as proteins, made of a single stranded helix |
| RNA's nucleotides | Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, & Uracil |
| lipid | energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes |
| lipids are made up of | hydrocarbons, fatty acids, &/or glycerol |
| lipids include | cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides |
| functions of lipids | energy storage, insulation, structural support, protection, & communication |
| lipids are not | polymers |
Created by:
nat.riv
Popular Biology sets