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Unite 3 Topic 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | all of the chemical reactions in an organism |
| Metabolic Pathways | Series of chemicals reactions that either build or break down complex molecules |
| Catabolic Pathway | release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds |
| Anabolic Pathways | Consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds. |
| Energy | The ability to do work |
| Kinetic Energy | Motion |
| Thermal Energy | movement of atoms or molecules |
| Potential Energy | Store Energy |
| Chemical Energy | Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction |
| Thermodynamics | The study of energy transformations in matter |
| 1st Law | Energy can be transferred or transformed. Energy cannot be created or destroyed . |
| 2nd Law | Energy transformation increases the entropy of the universe. During energy transfers or transformations, some energy is unable and often lose as heat |
| entropy | a measure of quality of energy |
| spontaneously | no outside input of energy is required |
| Exergonic Reaction | release energy G<0 |
| Endergonic Reaction | absorb energy G>0 |
| Mechanical | movement(beating cilia, movement of chromosomes, contraction of molecules cells) |
| Transport | pumping substance across membrane against spontaneous movement |
| Chemical | synthesis of molecules(building, polymers from monomers ) |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | molecules that organism use as a source of energy to perform work |
| Phosphorylation | the released phosphate move to another molecules to give energy |
| Regeneration ATP | ADP can be regenerated to ATP via the ATP cycle |
| Enzymes | Macromolecules that catalyzed(speed up) reactions by lowering the activation energy |
| Substrate | the enzyme acts on a reactant. |
| Induced Fit | enzyme will change shape of their active site to allow the substrate to bind better |
| Enzyme Catabolism | Enzyme helps break down complex molecules |
| Enzyme Anabolism | Enzymes help build complex molecules |
| Effects on Enzymes | Temp, pH, chemical |
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