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Patho Exam #2
FA Davis Pathophysiology Ch. 9-14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is wound dehiscence? | Previously closed wound edges open and rupture |
| What is wound evisceration? | Internal tissues and and organ protruding from open wound |
| What is wound rupture? | High tension |
| What is an example of wound rupture? | Abdominal wall and coughing |
| What is a keloid? | Hyper-plastic epithelialization and and collagen formation that leads to a hypertrophic scar |
| What is a contracture? | An inflexible shrinkage of a wound |
| T/F: Contractures can limit mobility when they occur over a joint surface | True |
| What is a stricture? | Complication of wound healing that causes a narrowing of an opening in the body |
| What is a fistula? | Abnormal connection between two structures |
| What are adhesions? | Abnormal bands of scar tissue that can limit mobility if formed within a joint |
| What causes fevers? | Pyrogens |
| What do pyrogens do? | Activate prostaglandins to reset hypothalamic temperature regulating center to higher level to defend the body from invaders |
| What reduces fever? | Antipyretics (NSAIDs, acetaminophen, naproxen, aspirin) |
| What is fever onset? | Shivering to increase temperature |
| What is fever break? | Sweating (diaphoresis) to reduce temperature |
| What is primary intention? | Clear wound edges with no missing tissue |
| What is secondary intention? | Extensive tissue loss with longer healing time; results in scar tissue |
| What is tertiary intention? | Missing large amount of deep tissue (pressure ulcers and severe burns); results in prominent scarring |
| What are the five signs of inflammation? | Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, loss of function |
| What occurs in acute inflammation? | Rapid onset and quick termination |
| What triggers acute inflammation? | Injury, infection, toxins, surgery, cancer, chemical agents, foreign bodies, immune reactions |
| What occurs in Reye's syndrome? | Mitochondrial failure leading to liver failure and encephalopathy |
| Can children have aspirin to reduce fever? | No; aspirin can lead to Reye's syndrome |
| What are the three phases of acute inflammation? | increased vascular permeability, cellular chemotaxis, and systemic response |
| what is phase 1 of wound healing? | Hemostasis |
| What occurs in hemostasis? | The exposed collagen of injury attracts platelets; Platelets aggregate and secrete inflammatory mediators |
| What causes short-term vasoconstriction (blood loss limitation) | Vasoactive amines |
| What are inflammatory mediators? | Histamine and bradykinin |
| What do inflammatory mediators do? | Dilate vessels for permeability |
| What do cytokines do? | modulate inflammatory response by amplifying or deactivating the process |
| What do chemokines do? | Attract leukocytes to the endothelium of the site of injury; stimulate the liver to release acute phase proteins |
| What is purulent exudate? | White-green discharge |
| What is transudate? | Water, clear fluid |
| What is an abscess? | Localized wall-ed off collection of purulent exudate |
| What is an effusion? | Accumulation of fluid in a body cavity |
| What is cellular chemotaxis? | Chemical agents from WBCs, endothelial cells, and microbial agents |
| What is chemotaxis? | Chemical signals that attract WBC and platelets |
| What are systemic responses? | Fever, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, sleepiness, lethargy, anemia, weight loss |
| What is chronic inflammation? | Inflammation for weeks or months with no resolution or healing |
| What are the types of chronic inflammation? | Persistent inflammation, hypersensitivity disorders, exposure to toxic agents, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis |
| How does chronic inflammation differ from acute inflammation? | Continual secretion of cytokines damages healthy tissues |
| What is phase 2 of healing? | Inflammation |
| What is phase 3 of healing? | Proliferation and granulation |
| What are fibroblasts and what are their funuction? | Connective tissue that synthesizes collagen and creates a foundation of scar tissue |
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