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A Tour of the cell

Cellular Structure and function

QuestionAnswer
What do Chloroplasts Convert? Light energy to chemical energy
What do Mitochondria produce? ATP
What is the purpose of the plasma membrane? Control what goes in and out of the cell
What type of cell has a cell wall? Plant cell
What do internal membranes do? Divide the cell into different compartments.
What does DNA do? Carry instructions on how to make protiens
What are Ribosomes The site of protein synthesis
Microscopes are used to... See small objects/cells
How do light microscopes work? Light is passed through a visible specimen, and then passed through a glass lenses.
How do lenses work? Refract light so the image is magnified.
What are three important parameters of Microscopy? Magnification, Resolution, and Contrast.
How many times more than the naked eye can light microscopes magnify? 1000 times
Is the resolution of standard light microscopy high enough to see organelles? No
What are the two basic types of electron microscopes used for? To study subcellular sturctures
How do Scanning electron microscopes work? Focas a beam of electrons on the surface of a specimen
What are the two basic types of electron microscopes? Scanning electron and Transmission electron
How do transmission electron microscopes work? Focus a beam of electrons through a specimen (Mainly used to study internal structure of cells)
Labeling cells with florescent markers help... improve the level of detail that can be seen
Confocal microscopy and deconvolution microscopy provide ... sharper images of three-dimensional tissues and cells
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-E M) allows... preservation of specimens at very low temperatures which allows visualization of structures in their cellular environment, with no need for preservatives
What is the Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-E M) method used for? complement X-ray crystallography in revealing protein complexes and subcellular structures
What does a Cell fractionation do? takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another
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