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Respiratory Anatomy

Respiratory Review

Question Answer
Upper Respiratory Tract Contains? Nose, Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Larynx
Location of Upper Respiratory Tract Located outside the thorax
Lower Respiratory Tract Contains? Trachea, Bronchial Tree, Lungs
Location of Lower Respiratory Tract Within the thorax
Accessory Sturctures Oral Cavity, Ribcage, Diaphragm
Function of Respiratory Tract respiratory system function primarily to provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration, remove the waste product carbon dioxide, and help to maintain acid-base balance.
External Nose bony cartilaginous frame covered by skin which contain sebaceous glands. Two nasal bones meet and surrounded by frontal bone to form root. Also surronded by the maxilla
Internal Nose Lies over roof of mouth and separated by palatine bones. Cleft Palate= fail to unite completely = partially separate nose and mouth Cribriform plate= roof of nose and cranial cavity Septum= nasal cavity into L and R
Nasal Mucosa mucous membrane that air passes over, contains rich blood supply and lots of goblet cells
Sinuses frontal sinus= above eyebrows behind forehead sphenoid sinus= body of sphenoid bone close to optic nerves Maxillary sinus= on maxilla on either side of nose ethmoid sinus= small air cells in groups on nasal bones
Nose Function Provides passageway for air to travel to lungs, filters air, aids speech and makes possible the sense of smell
Pharynx (throat) tube-like structure from base of skull to esophagus - made of muscle and divided into 3 parts (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
Tonsils Pharyngeal tonsils = nasopharynx (adenoids when enlarged)[posterior wall] Palatine tonsils = oropharynx (most commonly removed)[L/R below pillar of fauce} Lingual Tonsils = oropharynx ( rarely removed) [base of tongue]
Larynx Root of tongue and upper end of trachea, consists of cartilages attached to each other by muscle, lined by ciliated mucous membrane and forms two folds [vestibular and vocal folds
Larynx Cartilages Single laryngeal cartilage = thyroid, epiglottis and cricoid Paired laryngeal cartilage = arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
Larynx Muscles intrinsic= both insert and originate within larynx (INside) extrinsic = muscles insert in larynx but originate on something else (EXtra)
Larynx Function forms pat of airway to lungs and produces voice
Trachea (windpipe) extends from larynx to primary bronchi = obstruction causes death
Bronchi + Alveoli lower end of trachea divides into 2 primary bronchi [L/R] then divided into secondary bronchi which divide into bronchioles and eventually into alveolar ducts which hold alveoli
Bronchi + Alveoli Function Primary gas exchange // distribute air to the lungs interior Respiratory Membrane = barrier between gas exchange by alveolar air and blood (new air and blood).
Surfactant Fluid coating the respiratory membrane that reduces surface tension = type 2 cells ( 2 lung = type 2) Helps keep alveoli from collapsing
Lungs Structure Con-shaped organs from diaphragm to above the clavicles Hilum= slit on lung medial surface where primary bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels enter Base= interior surface that rests on diaphragm Costal Surface= lies against rib
Lungs Lobes Left lung = 2 lobes [Superior / inferior] -- 8 segments Right lung = 3 lobes [ superior / middle / inferior] -- 10 segments they divide into bronchopulmonary segments Main function air distribution and gas exchange
Thorax // thoracic cavity Pleural = cavity occupied by lungs Mediastinum = occupied by esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels and heart Function = brings about inspiration and expiration
Air Flow Nares - pharynx - larynx - trachea - alveoli
Created by: Dalton.evely
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