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BIO Chpt
Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is energy? | The capacity to do work. |
| What is potential energy? | Energy at rest |
| What is kinetic energy? | Energy in motion |
| What are five forms of energy? | Heat, mechanical, chemical, nuclear, electrical and radiant (light) |
| What does the first law of thermodynamics state? | That energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another |
| What does the second law of thermodynamics state? | That when energy is changed from one form to another, some usuable energy is lost in the form of heat. |
| What is entropy? | The measure of randomness or disorder |
| What is a form of energy with low entropy but is highly organized, and less stable? | A chemical |
| What is a form of energy with high entropy that is unorganized, and more stable? | Heat |
| What does maintenance of low entropy require? | Many energy transformations |
| What is required for organisms to function and exist? | A continual supply of energy |
| What refers to all chemical reactions which take place within a cell? | Metabolism |
| What reactions release energ as chemical bonds break? | Exergonic (degradive) |
| What reactions require an energy input as chemical bonds are formed? | Endergonic (synthetic) |
| When the energy released from an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reation it is known as? | Coupling reaction |
| What is the energy currency in a cell? | ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate) |
| ATP is a nucleotide composed of what? | ribose Sugar and the Base Adenine and three phosphate groups (Tri-Phosphate) |
| Where is the energy in an ATP molecule stored? | On the bonds of the phosphate groups |
| What are the three functions of ATP? | Chemical Work, Transport Work, and Mechanical Work |
| Energy needed to synthesize macromolecules are known as? | Chemical Work |
| Energy needed to pump substances across a plasma membrane is known as? | Transport Work |
| Energy needed to contract muscles, beaat flagell, ets is known as? | mechanical Work |
| A series of linked chemical reactions in which the products of one become the reactants of another is known as? | Metabolic pathways |
| What are two examples of Metabolic Pathways? | Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration |
| What are enzymes? | Protein catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in a cell |
| What are most proteins produced by genes? | enzymes |
| What is the energy required for a chemical reaction to take place? | energy of activation |
| How do enzymes work? | By lowering the energy of activation |
| What are three conditions affecting enzyme action? | Concentration of the enzyme and substrate, temperature, and ph |
| What are cofactors? | non-protein molecules required by many enzymes to function properly. |
| Cofactors may be? | Ions, such as calcium and potassium or coenzymes, such as vitamins |
Created by:
hawk7586
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