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Bio chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| allosteric activator | modifies the active site of the enzyme so that the affinity for the substrate increases |
| allosteric inhibition | inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site, which induces a conformational change and reduces the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate |
| active site | a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction. |
| ATP acts as an ------- for some enzymes involved in cellular respiration | allosteric inhibitor |
| cellular respiration | a series of redox reactions where fats, proteins, and carbs are broken down to CO2, water and ATP |
| The protein consists of a single polypeptide chain. It has a large pocket that appears to be the binding site for the substrate and a smaller indentation- what binding site is this? | It is probably an enzyme that is regulated by noncompetitive inhibition. |
| competitive inhibitor | a molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme and inhibits the ability of the substrate to bind |
| During cellular respiration, what happens to the 6 carbons in glucose? | All 6 carbons are completely oxidized to CO2 |
| During glycolysis, 1 glucose (6C) produces | 2 pyruvate (3C), 2. ATP, and 2 NADH |
| enzymes are NOT always | proteins or active |
| feedback inhibition | when the end product of a reaction, acts as the inhibitor itself |
| feedback inhibition is an important -------------- in cells | regulatory mechanism |
| Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process is stored in which of the following molecules? | NADH |
| If pyruvate oxidation is blocked, what will happen to the levels of oxaloacetate and citrate in the citric acid cycle shown in the figure? | Oxaloacetate will accumulate and citrate will decrease. |
| In aerobic organisms, oxidation of ---- , provides ------ | glucose, abundant energy |
| in cellular respiration, why is glucose oxidized? | its electrons are taken away |
| in cellular respiration, why is oxygen reduced? | it picks up electrons, and turns in a water molecule |
| In redox reactions, ------ are transferred to more ------ atoms, this formation releases energy because it is more ---- | electrons, electronegative, stable |
| in the generic redox reaction: A + B → C + D, | one substrate gains electrons while the other substrate loses electrons. |
| NAD+ | "empty shuttle" , this acts as the carrier of electrons that carries "passengers" too and from. |
| NADH | "full shuttle" , because it is full of electrons |
| non-competitive inhibitor | a molecule that binds to an enzyme at a location outside the active site and inhibits the enzyme's function. |
| OIL RIG | Oxidation is loss of electrons, reduction is gain of electrons |
| Overview of Glycolysis | Occurs in the cytosol -releases little amount of energy -can occur with or without oxygen -OXIDIZE 1 glucose to 2 PYRUVATE |
| Oxaloacetate | A four-carbon molecule that binds with the two-carbon acetyl unit of acetyl-CoA to form citric acid in the FIRST step of the Krebs cycle. |
| Oxidized means electrons are | stripped away |
| redox reactions are | reactions of oxidation and reduction |
| Reduced means electrons are | picked up |
| The tertiary structure of a protein is the _____, formed mostly as a result of _____ interactions | unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide ; R group |
| what do we get from cellular respiration? | CO2, Water, and energy (ATP) |
| What improves the productivity of cellular respiration | highly folded surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane |
| First step of krebs cycle? | oxaloacetate, citrate, (drops off ATP and CO2, NADH, FADH) |
| Second step of krebs cycle? | carbon molecules present lead back to oxaloacetate |
| What is the substrate for the first step in glycolysis? | glucose |
| What mainly determines whether a molecule will be transported via endocytosis/exocytosis or via passive transport | the size of the molecule |
| Which of the following has the lowest entropy? | water at colder temperatures |
| Which of the following statements describes a common characteristic of catabolic pathway | they are exergonic and provide energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP |
| Which of the following substrate is oxidized and which is reduced in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → Lactate + NAD+ | pyruvate is reduced and NADH is oxidized |
| who gets oxidized? (cellular resp.) | glucose does |
| who gets reduced? (cellular resp.) | oxygen does |
| without ATP ---- | cells can't do work, and life processes stop |
Created by:
604hotrod
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