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Cell Cycle

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Stages of Cell Cycle Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
What is Interphase? - prepares for cell division - 90% of cell cycle - cell carries out growth processes (growth, cellular respiration) - chromatin strands duplicate ✳ first growth (cells) --> synthesis (makes entire copy of cell DNA) --> second growth (organelles)
What is Mitosis? - division of genetic material within nucleus - four phases
What is Prophase? chromatin condenses into chromosomes, double-stranded sister chromatids held together by centromere, nuclear membrane breaks down
What is Metaphase? sister chromatids line up at (equator) of cell
What is Anaphase? centromere splits, chromatids separate; now daughter chromosomes, moved by spindle fibres to poles of cell
What is Telophase? daughter chromosomes stretch and become thinner, form two nuclei in one cell
What is Cytokinesis? - divides as plasma membrane pitches inwards - two genetically identical daughter cells plant: plate between daughter cells develops cell wall --> re-enter interphase
What leads a cell to remain in Interphase? - signal from surrounding cells - not enought nutrients - DNA and nucleus have not duplicated - DNA is damaged
Meiosis cell division in sex glands
What are the stages of Meiosis? Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I. Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II
Prophase I centrioles produce spindle fibres, nucleus condenses chromatin into chromosomes
Metaphase I mother and father's counterpart chromosomes join, centrioles move to pores with pull of spindle fibres
Anaphase I two sets of #1-23 chromosomes, parent pairs are not considered when pulled to poles --> two complete sets on poles
Telephase I two cells each with 23 chromosomes, Prophase II now begins
Second Round process repeats: 4 chromatids with Prophase I --> 2 chromatids with Prophase II --> 1 chromatid in each cell with Telophase II (one set of chromosomes) --> four haploid gametes
✳ oocytes four oocytes (mother haploids) --> primary oocyte forms egg --> polar bodies (other three eggs) disintegrate
What is a Tumour? uncontrolled growth and division of cells --> lump
Benign Tumour no affect on surrounding cells + tissues
Malignant Tumour interferes with cells, tissues, functions (enzyme, hormone production), cancerous
Diagnosis rate of cancer growth depends on doubling time, average doubling time is 4 moths (30 doubling times to form "feel"-able tumour)
Treatment surgery: removed chemotherapy: drugs used to slow/stop division radiation: ionizing radiation disrupts cell division biophotonics: light energy to diagnose, monitor, treat
Created by: spock!
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