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Sainila Atiifale

Ch 1

Anatomy Study of the body structure
Physiology function of the body
Gross Anatomy the study of body parts with the "Naked Eye"
eponym terms based on a person's name
autopoiesis self-making living organisms
metabolism breakdown of nutrients to produce energy
Levels of Organization 1)Chemical 2)Organelle 3)Cellular 4)Tissue 5)Organ 6)System 7)Organism
Chemical Level Atoms to molecules to macromolecules
Organelle are the "tiny organs" that perform a specific function
3 types of Organelles Mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) "highways" in cell for movement and sites for chemical processing
Mitochondria "powerhouse" Provide energy`
Golgi Apparatus Sacs provide "packaging cell for cell. store and exports
Cellular level Cells have certain special functions, like fat cells store fat
Tissue Level Many similar cells from the same embryo and perform certain functions
4 Major tissue types Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue connective tissue nervous tissue
Organ Level Made up of different tissues to perform specific function like heart.
System Level Various organs work together
Responsiveness Ability to sense, monitor and respond
Conductivity Capacity of cells to send a wave of electrical disturbance from a to b
Respiration Exchange of Respiratory gases
Digestion Food is broken down to simpler substances for body cells
absorption movement of molecules through membrane for body use
secretion production and release for diverse bodily functions like hormones
Excretion Removal of waste products from the body
circulation Movement of body fluids containing substances from a to b in circular route
reproduction formation of new individual offspring
11 major systems integumentary skeletal muscular nervous endocrine cardiovascular lymphatic/immune respiratory digestive urinary reproductive
integumentary system support and movement Skin Function: protection, temp regulation, and sensation
skeletal support and movement bones and ligaments blood production, mineral, and fat storage
muscular support and movement skeletal muscles function: posture, heat production
nervous system communication, control, and integration Brain, sinal cord, nerves and sensory organs function: coordination of other systems
endocrine communication, control, and integration pituitary gland, thyroid, and other glands function: control and regulation of other systems
cardiovascular transport and defense heart, arteries, and veins
Lymphatic/immune transport and defense lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, and tonsils function: immunity and fluid balance
respiratory respiration, nutrition, and excretion lungs, bronchial tree, trachea, nasal cavity function: gas exchange
digestive respiration, nutrition, and excretion stomach, intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth function:breakdown and absorb nutrients, eliminate waste
urinary system respiration, nutrition, and excretion kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra functions: excretion of waste (electrolyte and acid-base balance)
reproductive systems reproduction and development male and female function: reproduction and offspring
anatomical position position of body in in standing posture, arms to the side, palms forward
bilateral symetry right and left are mirror images, only symmetrical through 1 plane
ipsilateral same side
contralateral opposite side
supine body is lying facing upward
prone body is lying facing downward
superior toward the head
inferior toward the feet
anterior front or in front of
posterior back or in the back of
ventral toward the belly
dorsal toward the back, used for posterior
medial toward the midline of the body
lateral toward the side of the body, away from midline
proximal toward the trunk of body
distal away from or farthest from trunk
superficial nearer the surface
deep farther away from the body surface
lumen hollow area of where organs site
medullary inner region or core of organ
cortical outer region or layer of organ
basal base or widest part of organ
apical narrow tip of an organ
sagittal plane flat cut along sagittal plane
coronal planes anterior vs posterior
Transverse plane (horizontal plane) upper and lower
longitudinal section long axis of an organ
cross-section short axis of an organ
oblique section diagonal cuts
dorsal cavity cranial and spinal cavity
ventral cavity thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavity
media stinum contains heart and other structures
pleural cavities left and right of heart, containing lungs
body cavities cranial spinal, thoracic pleural mediastinum diaphragm abdonminal abdominopelvic pelvic
parietal layer vs visceral outer layer of heart visceral is inner layer
parietal and visceral peritoneum parietal membrane lining inside cavity, visceral covers organs.
abdominopelvic cavity liver gallbladder stomach pancreas intestines spleen kidneys ureters
pelvic cavity urinary bladder female and male reproductive organs
abdominopelvic quadrants RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ
upper region right hypochondriac region epigastric region left hypochondriac region
middle region right lumbar (flank) region umbilical region left lumbar (flank) region
lower region right iliac (inguinal) region hypogastric (pubi) region left iliac (inguinal) region
hypochondriac under cartilage ribs
epigastric around stomach
iliac lowest part of small intestines
hypogastric below the stomach
abdominal anterior torso below diaphragm
acromial shoulder
antebrachial forearm
antecubital depressed area in front of elbow
axillary armpit
brachial arm
buccal cheek (inside)
calcaneal heel of foot
carpal wrist
cephalic head
cervical neck
coxal hip
cranial skull
crural leg
cubital elbow
cutaneous skin (body surface)
digital fingers or toes
dorsal back or top
facial face
femoral thigh
frontal forehead
gluteal buttox
Hallux Great Toe
inguinal groin
lumbar lower part of back between ribs and pelvis
mammary breast
manual hand
mental chin
nasal nose
navel around navel or umbilicus (belly button)
occipital back lower part of skull
olecranal back of elbow
oral mouth
orbital (ophthalmic) eyes
otic ear
palmar palm of hand
patellar front of knee
pedal foot
pelvic lower portion of torso
perineal area between anus and genitals
pollex thumb
popliteal behind knee
pubic pubis
supraclavicular above clavicle
sural calf
tarsal ankle
temporal side of head
thoracic chest
zygomatic cheek(outside)
plantar sole of foot
Created by: Sainila.atiifale
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