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Gynecology

PASS program drill notes

QuestionAnswer
What does the Seminal Vesicle give to sperm? Food (fructose) and clothes (semen)
What do the Bulbourethral = Cowper's glands secrete? Bicarbonate (neutralize lactobacilli)
What is the purpose of the bicarbonate secreted by the Cowper's glands? Neutralize lactobacilli
What does the Prostate secrete? "The prostate HAZ it" Hyaluronidase Acid Phosphatase
What is the Capacitation reaction? Zinc is used to peel semen off
What is the Acrosomal reaction? Sperm releases enzymes to eat corona radiata
What is the Crystallization reaction? Wall formed after 1 sperm enters (to prevent polyspermy) the egg
Where does Testosterone come from? Adrenal gland and testicles
Where does DHT come from? Testicles (at puberty)
What is a Pseudohermaphrodite? External genitalia problem; does not match genotype
What is a True Hermaphrodite? Internal genitalia problem ==> has both sexes' genitalia
What is a Female Hermaphrodite? Imposible because the default is female
What is the Female Pseudohermaphrodite? XX with low 21-OHase ==> high testosterone
What is a Male Hermaphrodite? XY with no MIF
What is a Male Pseudohermaphrodite? XY that has low 17-OHase ==> low testosterone
What is Hirsutism? Hairy
What is Virilization? Man-like see in female child
What is a testicular Feminization = Androgen insensitivity? Bad DHT receptor --> XY with blind pouch vagina
What is McCune-Albright? Precocious sexual development, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia "whorls of CT", "Coast of Maine" pigmented skin macules
What is Cryptorchidism? Testes never descended ==> sterility after 15 months, increased risk of seminomas
Which stage of the menstrual cycle has the highest estrogen levels? Follicular stage (has proliferative endothelium)
What stage of the menstrual cycle has the highest temperature? Ovulatory stage
What stage of the menstrual cycle has the highest progesterone levels? Luteal stage (has secretory endothelium)
What form of estrogen is highest at menopause? E1: Estrone (made by fat)
What form of estrogen is highest in middle-aged women? E2: Estradiol (made by ovaries)
What form of estrogen is highest in pregnancy? E3: Estriol (made by placenta)
What stage have increased estrogen? Pregnancy, liver failure, p450 inhibition, obesity
What is Adenomyosis? Growth of endometrium --> myometrium, enlarged "boggy" uterus with cystic areas
What does DES take my mom cause in her daughter? 1. Adenomyosis --> menorrhagia 2. Clear Cell CA of vagina 3. Recurrent abortions from cervical incompetence
What is Kallman's syndrome? No GnRH, anosmia (can't smell)
What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome? ↑Cysts: no ovulation --> no progesterone (↑endometrial CA) -> can't inhibit LH, obese, hairy, acne
What is Savage's syndrome? Ovarian resistance to FSH/LH
What is Turner's syndrome (XO)? High FSH, low E2, ovarian dysgenesis
What does the Progesterone challenge test tell you? Bleeds ==> she has estrogen Not bleed ==> shea has no E2 or ovaries 1. ↑FSH --> ovary problem 2. ↓FSH --> pituitary problem
What is Sheehan syndrome? Post-partum hemorrhage --> pituitary, hyperplasia infarcts ---> no lactation
What is Asherman's syndrome? Previous D&C --> Uterine scars
What is Oligomenorrhea? Too few periods
What is Polymenorrhea? Too many periods
What is the most common cause of post-coital vaginal bleeding? Cervical cancer
What is the most common cause of post-coital vaginal bleeding in pregnant women? Placenta previa
What is the most common cause of post-coital vaginal bleeding in menopause women? Endometrial cancer
What is Chronic Pelvic Pain? Endometriosis until proven otherwise
What is Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding? Diagnosis of exclusion, usually due to anovulation
What is Dysmenorrhea? PG-F cause painful menstrual cramps (teenagers miss school/work)
What is Endometriosis? Painful cyclical heavy menstrual bleeding ==> "powder burns, chocolate cysts" due to ectopic endometrial tissue
What is Kleine regnung? Scan bleeding at ovulation
What is menorrhagia? Heavy menstrual bleeding
What are Fibroids = Leiomyoma? Bening uterus SM tumor 1. Submucosal type => bleeding 2. Subserosa type => pain
Created by: rakomi
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