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A&P Chp 1-13
Part 1 Week 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy is defined as the study of the ______ of a living organism. | Structure |
| Physiology is defined as the study of ______ of a living organism. | Function |
| Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity? | Spinal cord |
| _____ refers to an inner region of an organ, whereas ______ refers to an outer region or layer of an organ. | Medullary ; cortical |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | ventral / dorsal |
| To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication control system or network is required. This type of network is called a(n) | Feedback control loop |
| Define homeostasis. | The relatively constant state maintained by the body. |
| Sensor mechanism, integrating center, effector, and feedback are basic components of | Feedback control loop |
| The body naturally changes some set points to different values at different times of the day. These daily cycles are called | Circadian cycles |
| Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the cause of mad cow disease? | Prion |
| Define Pathogenesis. | The course of disease development. |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) _____ bond. | covalent |
| Electrolytes are: | called cations if they have a positive charge. |
| Atoms with fewer than 8 electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the | octet rule. |
| The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body? | 96% |
| The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be | polar. |
| An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains ____ electrons. | 8 |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: | synthesis reaction. |
| Which subatomic particles carry a charge? | Protons and electrons |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis. |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | 4 |
| Which of the following bonds are the weakest? | Hydrogen |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2. |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases. |
| The ionic bond is formed by: | a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. |
| Protein are polymers of | amino acids. |
| Which of the following is not a lipid? | Polysaccharide. |
| All proteins have which four elements? | Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
| A saturated fatty acid is one in which | all available bonds of its hydrocarbon chain are filled. |
| A ________ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. | free radical |
| Unsaturated fats: | will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms. |
| The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories? | Structural and functional |
| The plasma membrane is composed of all of the following except | tubulin protein. |
| Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged | as a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between polar heads. |
| Which of the following is a type of cell extension that lines the intestines and other areas of the body? | Microvilli |
| Of the following, the only organelle that has a double membrane structure is the | mitochondrion. |
| This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell. | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| The inside of the cell is composed largely of a gel-like substance called | cytoplasm. |
| Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow? | Primary cilium. |
| Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | It makes lipids and carbohydrates. |
| The two processes of protein synthesis are | transcription and translation. |
| If oxygen is available, the pyruvate molecules formed by glycolysis are prepared to enter the next phase of aerobic cellular respiration, called the | citric acid cycle. |
| Osmosis can be defined as | the net movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. |
| If red blood cells containing 10% solute are placed in a solution containing 10% solute, what will hapoen? | Water will move into and out of the cells at equal rates. |
| Water will move through the cell membrane by | osmosis. |
| Phagocytosis is an example of: | endocytosis. |
| A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. This described the process of: | carrier-mediated transport. |
| Diffusion requires: | a concentration gradient |
| The small water channels in the cell membrane are called | aquaporins. |
| When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? | Metaphase. |
| Which of the following statements is true? | The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm. |
| Extensive weight training causes the muscle cells to | hypertophy. |
| The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the | neuron. |
| The two major categories of body membranes are | epithelial and connective. |
| A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called | mucus. |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is | connective. |
| Besides water, extracellular matrix contains | proteins and proteoglycans. |
| The basic determinant of skin color is | melanin. |
| Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a | matrix. |
| All glands in the body can be classified as either | exocrine or endocrine. |
Created by:
SMM47
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