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microbiology test 1
chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| syndrome | group of symptoms that come together |
| bacteriophages | can infest bacteria & other microorganisms or change the host cell genetically |
| general structure of viruses | nucleic acid core of either DNA or RNA |
| what surrounded the genetic material in a virus? | surrounded by a protein coat or capsid |
| capsid structure | repeating units of protein molecules or capsomere |
| some viruses have | an outer lipid structure or envelope that further surrounds the capsid |
| surface proteins (receptors – stick like structures) | what allows the virus to attach to the host cell affinity for receptors on surface of susceptible cells |
| spike proteins extend from | the envelope |
| purpose of spike proteins | recognize and bind to specific structures on the surface of target cells |
| extracellular state | virus is not infecting a host cell (before it invades) |
| extracellular state is also known as | virion |
| intracellular state | virus inside host cell (capsid removed, exists as nucleic acid in cytoplasm of infected host cell) |
| virion | a complete, fully developed, infectious viral particle that is not within a host cell |
| icosahedral | 20 sides or surfaces, each is an equilateral triangle |
| helical | capsomeres form a spiral |
| complex | bullet shape |
| lytic cycle | main method of viral replication that results in the destruction of the infected cell host cell will be broken down because all the nutrients will be taken by the virus to synthesize more viruses |
| absorption (union) | absorb or attach to the membrane of the host cell using “lock and key” → lock into surface receptors of host cell |
| penetration | virus taken into the cell |
| un-coating (eclipse) | capsid is removed – now naked nucleic acid |
| replication (synthesis) | involves both transcription + translation of the RNA and DNA |
| assembly | replicated nucleic acid is recoated in capsid |
| release | release of new virus |
| retroviruse | carry the enzyme reverse-transcriptase which enables them to make a DNA copy of their RNA unique ability to remain with host cells for long period of time |
| provirus | virus genome that is linked to the DNA of the host cell |
| oncogenic viruses | have the ability to cause cancer in various animals/humans |
| what is the envelope of viral structure composed of? | a lipoprotein sheath derived from host cell membrane |
| what is the virion composed of? | nucleic acid within protein capsid and envelope (may also have spikes) |
| purpose of protein coat on virion? | protects from the environment so it can be a vehicle of transmission from one host to another |
| when is the protein coat on virion lost? | once the virus enters a host cell |
| are viruses free-living? | no |
| what do viruses lack the capability to do? | the metabolic machinery to synthesize new proteins coats and nucleic acids |
| what does the host cell provide for new viruses? | macromolecules provide nutrients for new virus capsids and nucleic acids |
| prion | infectious protein particle similar to a virus but lacks nucleic acid |
| are prions easy or difficult to destory? | difficult |
| why are prions difficult to destroy? | highly resistant to heat, chemicals and radiation |
Created by:
presleydlc
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