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Hormones on the Body
Examples of Additional Hormones of the Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) | promotes calcium absorption from food, regulates mineral balance in bones, regulates growth and differentiation of many cell types |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) | eventually converted to estrogens, testosterone, or both; has a role in stress as functional antagonist to cortisol |
| Melatonin | Helps “set” the biological clock mechanisms of the body by signaling light changes during the day, month, and seasons; may help induce sleep |
| Testosterone | Stimulates sperm production, stimulates growth and maintenance of male sexual characteristics, promotes muscle growth |
| Estrogen, including estradiol (E2) and estrone | Stimulates development of female sexual characteristics, breast development, bone and nervous system maintenance |
| Progesterone | Helps maintain proper conditions for pregnancy |
| Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | Stimulates secretion of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy |
| Human placental lactogens (hPLs) | Promote development of mammary glands during pregnancy; help regulate energy balance in fetus |
| Relaxin | Inhibits uterine contractions during pregnancy and softens pelvic joints to facilitate childbirth |
| Thymosins and thymopoietins | Stimulate development of T lymphocytes, which are involved in immunity |
| Gastrin | Triggers increased gastric juice secretion |
| Secretin | Increases alkaline secretions of the pancreas and slows emptying of stomach; helps regulate water homeostasis |
| Cholecystokinin (CCK) | triggers the release of bile from gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas |
| Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) and other atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) | Promote loss of sodium from body into urine, thus promoting water loss from the body and a resulting decrease in blood volume and pressure |
| Inhibins | Inhibit secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by hypothalamus and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the anterior pituitary, thus helping to regulate the female reproductive cycle |
| Erythropoietin (EPO) | Promotes increased production of red blood cells |
| Irisin | Promotes conversion of white fat to brown fat |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | Promotes release of glucose into blood during prolonged exercise. |
| Leptin | Affects energy balance, perhaps as a signal of how much fat is stored; affects various immune, neuroendocrine, reproductive, and developmental functions throughout body |
| Resistin | Reduces sensitivity to insulin (a pancreatic islet hormone), thus increasing blood glucose levels |
| Palmitoleate | Increases insulin sensitivity |
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) | Secreted in response to growth hormone (GH); IGF-1 carries out many functions attributed to growth hormone (GH) |
Created by:
brookrowe7
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