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Bio2 Plant Test
Vocab & Phylums
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| herbaceous | a plant with a soft, green stem |
| stomata | tiny openings on plant surface allowing gas to exchange |
| parallel venation | vein pattern where the veins run parallel |
| bark | protective outside covering of woody plants |
| lateral bud | found at point of leaf attachment & can develop into new shoots |
| terminal bud | bud on the tip of each stem |
| heartwood | the darker wood in the center of a tree that has stopped transporting water |
| taproot | a root system with an enlarged primary root |
| spore | haploid cell surrounded by a hard outer wall |
| tissue | group of cells with a specific function |
| net venation | vein pattern where the veins branch |
| cuticle | waxy, protective covering on plant surfaces |
| seed | embryo surrounded by a protective coat |
| cone | reproductive structuce with hard scales & has similar fuction to flowers |
| young plant | a seed sprouts into a seedling |
| parenchyma | -found in flesh of an apple, potato, and rose petals -thin, flexible cell walls, large central vacuole, involved with metabolic functions |
| collenchyma | -found in celery stalks -irregular shaped cell wall, provide support for lengthening parts |
| sclerenchyma | -found in peach pits and walnut shells -thick, rigid cell walls, die at maturity to provide support |
| fibrous root system | a root system with many small, branching roots |
| root hairs | these increase surface area & in turn increase ability of water absorption |
| sapwood | the functional, light colored wood near the outside of the trunk |
| annual ring | -these are used to estimate the age of a stem -abrupt changes between small summerwood cells and the following year's springwood cells |
| root cap | covers root tip & allows for easy movement through the soil |
| tubular leaves | type of leaf found in carnivorous plants |
| simple leaf | a leaf with a single blade |
| blade | the broad, flat portion of a leaf |
| tendril | coiled specialized leaf found in vines to support climbing |
| petiole | stalk-like structure that attaches the blade |
| compound leaf | a lead whose blade is divided into leaflets |
| node | the stem feature where one or more leaves attach |
| adventitious roots | prop roots of corn are these specialized roots |
| bud scales | these are specialized leaves that enclose the apical meristem of a bud |
| translocation | movement of carbohydrates through the plant |
| pith | evaporation from the plant through the stomata |
| dermal tissue system | the cuticle, stomata, and epidermal hairs are part of what tissue system |
| spongy mesophyll | the ground tissue layer that contains large air spaces to allow diffusion |
| internodes | these segments that stems are divided into |
| palisade mesophyll | the primary site for photosynthesis and gas exchange |
| dicot stems | vascular bundles form in single rings in these kinds of stems |
| guard cells | stomata open and close due to water pressure changes in tha |
| function of roots | 1. anchoring plant in soil 2. absorb water and nutrients dissolved in soil 3. store carbohydrates and water |
| functions of stems | 1. support leaves 2. transport materials and provide storage |
| function of leaf hairs | protect from insects and intense light |
| summerwood | -forms xylem when water is limited (lighter) -cells are small and thick |
| springwood | -forms xylem when water is plentiful (darker) -cells are wide and thin |
| macronutrients | minerals required in large amounts |
| micronutrients | minerals required in small amounts |
| primary growth | growth in length |
| secondary growth | growth in diameter |
| vascular | has vascular tissue, true roots, stems, and leaves |
| nonvascular | no true vascular tissue, no true roots, stems, and leaves |
| monocot | -1 cotyledon -parallel venation |
| dicot | -2 cotyledons -net venation |
| angiosperm | produce seeds with protective coat (enclosed in fruit) |
| gymnosperm | produce naked seeds (not enclosed in fruit |
| adaptations plants have made to living on land | 1. preventing water loss (developed cuticle & stomata) 2. reproducing (developed spores & seeds) 3. transporting materials (vascular tissue) |
| xylem | carries water and nutrients from roots in 1 direction to stems/leave |
| phloem | carries organic compounds in any direction |
| apical meristem | located at tip of stems and roots |
| intercalary meristem | located above base of leaves and stems |
| lateral meristem | located near the outside of stem and roots |
| Phylum Bryophyta | -every land environment is home to at least one species of moss in the phylum -consists of partially decomposed plant matter -used to enhance water-retaining ability of potting & gardening soil |
| Phylum Hepatophyta | -grow in moist, shady area -some have thalloid -lie close to ground to allow water absorption |
| Phylum Anthocerophyta | -grow in moist, shaded areas -each cell has 1 large chloroplast instead of many small areas |
| Phylum Psilotophyta | -not ferns at all -no roots or leaves -produce spores on short branches |
| Phylum Lycophyta | -look like mini pine trees -produce a strobilus -once collected as Christmas decorations |
| Phylum Sphenophyta | -scale-like leaves at joint -used by American pioneers to scrub pots and pans -resembles a horsetail |
| Phylum Pterophyta | -underground stem -young fiddleheads can be eaten by humans as vegetables -fronds are mature leaves of ferns |
| Phylum Cycadophyta | -most are native to tropics -bear large cones -used as ornamental plants |
| Phylum Ginkgophyta | -tolerant of pollution -seeds are considered a delicacy in China and Japan -used as an herb |
| Phylum Coniferophyta | -conifers are gymnosperms -woody plants -usually bear both male and female cones |
| Phylum Gnetophyta | -odd group of cone bearing gymnosperms -genus of desert shrubs -source of drug ephedrine |
| Phylum Anthophyta | -largest phylum -seed plants that have a flower or fruit -contains the world's largest flower |
Created by:
laurenlenhart
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