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Chapter 2

Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
Production of gametes, reduces chromosome number: diploid to haploid; 2n to n meiosis
restores chromosome number: haploid to diploid; n to 2n fertilization
paired chromosomes, same information homologous chromosomes
1st division of meiosis separates _____ homologous pairs
2nd division of meiosis separates _____ sister chromatids
help organize microtubule assembly so that spindle is formed during cell division centriole
Function is to help support and give shape to the cell, also serve a transportation function, as they are they are the routes upon which organelles move through the cell. microtubules
Site of attachment for two sister chromatids. Centromere
one half of a replicated chromosome Chromatid
substance within a chromosome consisting of DNA and protein Chromatin
The x-shaped region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis I. Chiasma
Two cells formed from the same cell Daughter cells
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes; one set from each parent. Diploid (2n) cell
The process in which a sperm cell unites with an ovum to form a zygote. Fertilization
The sex cells of sexually reproducing organisms, which are capable of fusing to form a zygote. Gametes
The formation of sex cells, or gametes Gametogenesis
A cell containing only one set of chromosomes. Haploid (1n) cell
The microtubule structure formed during mitosis and meiosis that is responsible for moving the chromatids and chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. Spindle
The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase of meiosis I. Synapsis
A pair of homologous chromosomes with two chromatids each. Tetrad
A fertilized ovum Zygote
correct # of chromosomes Euploidy
a change in chromosomes number due to non- disjunction during meiosis Aneuploidy
only 1 copy of an individual chromosome Monosomy
3 copies of an individual chromosome Trisomy
Trisomy, 21: Delayed mental and social skills, Decreased muscle tone at birth, Asymmetrical or odd-shaped skull Down Syndrome
Trisomy 18: Most children die in the first year of life, some have lived 10 years, Growth deficiency Edward's Syndrome
Trisomy 13: Mental retardation, severe Seizures, Small head, Patau Syndrome
A visual display of the chromosomes arranged by size, shape, and banding pattern, used to identify aneuploid conditions Karyotype
removes a chromosomal segment deletion
repeats a chromosomal segement duplication
reverses a segment within a chromosome inversion
moves a segment from one chromosome to another non-homologous one translocation
Created by: yuniskie
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