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Chapter 2

Mitosis

QuestionAnswer
Why do cells divide? For reproduction, growth, and repair
Protects the DNA, a nuclear envelope with a double membrane Nucleus
provides structural support, motility, and regulation Cytoskeleton
helps coordinate cell division, guides chromosomes in mitosis centrioles
What is passed on to daughter cells? DNA, organelles, cytoplasm, cell membrane, enzymes
Nucleus well defined: DNA loosely packed in long chromatin fibers, prepares for mitosis Interphase
cells that grow and mature to divide again epithelial cells, blood cells, stem cells
cells that grow and mature to never divide again brain/ nerve cells, muscle cells
cells that can either divide or never divide again liver cells
"decision making step" in interphase, when the cell decides if it will start the cell cycle or rest or permanently exit the cell cycle 1st Gap (Growth)
DNA replication commences resulting in each chromosome having two sister chromatids DNA synthesis
cells continue to grow and protein synthesis continues in preparation for mitosis 2nd Gap (Growth)
DNA is organized in _____ chromosomes
DNA-protein complex = chromatin
duplicated chromosome: 2 sister chromatids, narrow at centromeres, and contains identical copies of original DNA Mitotic chromosome
dividing cell's DNA between 2 daughter nuclei, "dance of the chromosomes" mitosis
visible chromosomes, nucleolus disappears, nuclear membrane breaks down prophase
in prophase, the ______ move to opposite poles of cell centrioles
in prophase, protein fibers cross cell to form ______ mitotic spindle
coordinates movement of chromosomes and made out of microtubules mitotic spindle
spindle fibers attach to centromeres, microtubules attach to kinetochores, chromosomes begin moving pro metaphase
chromosomes align along middle of cell metaphase
sister chromatids separate at kinetochores, poles move farther apart anaphase
chromosomes arrive at opposite poles: daughter nuclei form, chromosomes disperse, spindle fibers disperse, cytokinesis begins Telophase
constriction belt of actin microfilaments around equator of cell, cleavage furrow forms, splits cell in two cytokinesis in animals
cell plate forms, vesicles fuse to form 2 cell membranes, new cell wall laid down between membranes, new cell wall fuses with existing cell wall cytokinesis in plants
are large protein assemblies that connect chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindles in order to distribute the replicated genome from a mother cell to its daughters. Kinetochores
Created by: yuniskie
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