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Essential Vocab

Unit 3-A Genetics

TermDefinition
cell cycle cells can grow by increasing in size ,but eventually most cells start dividing after growing to a certain point
asexual reproduction the production of a genetically identical offspring from a single parent
sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two separate parent cells.
binary fission a process by which a single cell splits into two cells to multiply
chromatid is one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.
chromosomes s a thread-like structure made up of DNA.
cytokinesis the part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells.
fragmentation a type of asexual reproduction in which an organism simply breaks into individual pieces at maturity.
budding a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism
gamete is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually.
zygote fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)
germ cells are egg cells in females and sperm cells in males.
somatic cell are the cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells
haploid a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
diploid has two complete sets of chromosomes.
homologous two anatomical structures or behavioral traits within different organisms which originated from a structure or trait of their common ancestral organism.
autosomes chromosomes one of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes.
sex chromosomes X and Y
synapse the site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells (neurons) or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (effector).
tetrad A group of four closely associated chromatids of a homologous pair formed by synapsis.
Created by: tameriana.reese
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